Environmental health information resources lack exposure data required to translate molecular insights, elucidate environmental contributions to diseases, and assess human health and ecological risks. We report development of an Exposure Ontology, ExO, designed to address this information gap by facilitating centralization and integration of exposure data. Major concepts were defined and the on...

BACKGROUND Intestinal epithelial cells secrete exosome-like vesicles. The aim of this study was to characterise murine intestinal epithelial exosomes and to analyse their capacity to inform the immune system in vivo in mice. METHODS Epithelial exosomes were obtained from the murine epithelial cell line MODE K incubated in the presence or absence of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) together with p...

Brane calculi are a family of biologically inspired process calculi proposed in [3] for modeling the interactions of dynamically nested membranes. In [3] a basic calculus for membranes interactions – called Phago/Exo/Pino – is proposed, whose primitives are inspired by endocytosis and exocytosis. An alternative basic calculus – called Mate/Bud/Drip and inspired by membrane fusion and fission – ...

A novel, versatile route to phosphorus- and carbon-substituted η(5)-phosphacyclohexadienyl complexes was developed. Reaction of the anionic 2,4,6-triphenylphosphinine iron complex [K([18]crown-6)(thf)2][Cp*Fe(PC5Ph3H2)] (1) with selected main group element electrophiles afforded the new complexes [Cp*Fe(2-endo-H-PC5Ph3H2)] (endo-3), [Cp*Fe(2-exo-H-PC5Ph3H2)] (exo-3), [Cp*Fe(1-Me-PC5Ph3H2)] (4),...

Extracellular exo-inulinase has been isolated from a solid-phase culture of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus awamori var. 2250. The apparent molecular mass of the monomer enzyme was 69 +/- kDa, with a pI of 4.4 and a pH optimum of 4.5. The enzyme hydrolysed the beta-(2-->1)-fructan (inulin) and beta-(2-->6)-fructan (levan) via exo-cleavage, releasing fructose. The values for the Michaelis con...

In this work, tomato pomace, a waste abundantly available in the Mediterranean and other temperate climates agro-food industries, has been used as raw material for the production of some hydrolytic enzymes, including xylanase, exo-polygalacturonase (exo-PG), cellulase (CMCase) and α-amylase. The principal step of the process is the solid state fermentation (SSF) of this residue by Aspergillus a...

Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I der Universität Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg, D-7900 U l m Z. Naturforsch. 3 4 b , 1133-1139 (1979); eingegangen am 26. Apri l 1979 Photoisomerizat ion, H o m o f u l v e n e Systems The isomerizations fol lowing the singlet excitation of l ,2,3,5-ea:o-6-pentamethyl-4methylene-b icyc lo [3 , l ,0 ]hex-2 -ene (exo-1) and l ,2 ,3,5-endo-6-pentamethyl-4-methyleneb icyc l...

Several clinical trials indicate that concurrent administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs, such as gefitinib or erlotinib) with chemotherapy agents fails to improve overall survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the antagonistic effects remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of exosomes in th...

Chiral complexes formed by phosphoramidites such as (Sa,R,R)-9 and Cu(OTf)2 are excellent catalysts for the general 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between azomethine ylides and nitroalkenes affording the corresponding tetrasubstituted proline esters mainly as exo-cycloadducts in high er at room temperature. The exo-cycloadducts can be obtained in enantiomerically pure form just after simple recrysta...

Exonuclease (exo) III was used as a probe of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP) ternary elongation complex (TEC) downstream border. In the absence of NTPs, RNAP appears to stall primarily in a post-translocated state and to return slowly to a pre-translocated state. Exo III mapping, therefore, appears inconsistent with an unrestrained thermal ratchet model for translocation, in which RN...