the holy quran is one of the main fountainheads of hāfiẓ idiolect and thought. hāfiẓs’ sweet poetry is, indeed, intertwined with the good tree of quran. the assumption in the present study is that 183rd sonnet of hafiẓ, beginning with ‘last night at dawn…’ implicitly yet purposefully echoes the story of jonah in the holy quran. when words such as ‘grief’, ‘deliverance’, ‘darkness’, ‘gratificati...

widespread use of herbal drugs because of their protective effects on different organs toxicity has been shown in many studies. these protective effects have been illustrated in the fields of nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, viral hepatitis, cancer, in vitro fertilization, neurotoxicity, depression, lung diseases, prostate diseases etc. silymarin has cytoprotection activities due to its antioxid...

What distinguishes professional conservators from others who have a practical involvement with historic objects is the reflective nature of their decision-making. Decisions about practical treatments involve elements of risk: probabilities of unwanted outcomes that reduce the value of the treated object. The continuing development of conservators should be aimed at reducing the uncertainty of d...

A novel technique is described that uses either time-resolved or steady state prompt photosensitizer fluorescence to measure local oxygen concentration. Solution experiments conducted with Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid confirmed that the steady state fluorescence signal is dependent on the oxygen concentration and fluence rate. A relationship between prompt sensitizer fluor...