With the development of electronic systems, ideas have repeatedly arisen to create an analogue cash for remote payment. Cryptocurrency technology was originally aimed at absence a trusted node - one whose actions are guaranteed be true and who can confirm correctness other people's operations. For first time, this problem solved in Bitcoin system due artificial complication making changes trans...

Komplexe Softwareentwicklungsmethoden entstehen selten in einem Zug und sind danach unveränderlich, sondern werden schrittweise erstellt und kontinuierlich verbessert. Der konkrete Projektfortschritt muss durch sie messbar sein, aber gleichzeitig muss das Vorgehen projektspezifisch adaptierbar bleiben. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Anforderungen wurde von der SEMAT-Initiative ESSENCE entwickelt, d...

According to the modal view, essence admits of reductive analysis in exclusively modal terms. Fine (1994) argues that modal view delivers an inadequate analysis of essence. This paper defends the modal view from Fine’s challenge. This defense proceeds by examining the disagreement between Finean primitivists and Quinean eliminativists about essence. In order to model this disagreement, a distin...

Strategic programming is generic programming with the use of strategies. A strategy is a generic data-processing action which can traverse into heterogeneous data structures while mixing uniform and type-specific behaviour. With strategic programming, one gains full control over the application of basic actions, most notably full traversal control. Using a combinator style, traversal schemes ca...

Coin lemmas are one of the tools for the analysis of randomized distributed algorithms. Their principal role is to reduce the analysis of a randomized system to the analysis of an ordinary nondeterministic system. This paper describes the main ideas behind the formulation and use of coin lemmas and gives examples of coin lemmas of increasing complexity and generality.

For the past century, the total synthesis of natural products has served as the flagship of chemical synthesis and the principal driving force for discovering new chemical reactivity, evaluating physical organic theories, testing the power of existing synthetic methods, and enabling biology and medicine. This perspective article seeks to examine this time-honored and highly demanding art, disti...

For object-oriented programming, the Visitor pattern enables the deenition of a new operation on an object structure without changing the classes of the objects. The price has been that the set of classes must be xed in advance, and they must each have a so-called accept method. In this paper we demonstrate how to program visitors without relying on accept methods and without knowing all classe...

In this paper, we present a new transformation algorithm called distillationwhich can automatically transform higher-order functional programs into equivalent tail-recursive programs. Using this algorithm, it is possible to produce superlinear improvement in the runtime of programs. This represents a significant advance over the supercompilation algorithm, which can only produce a linear improv...