Urban planning and design needs to explore a wide range of aspects concerning the built and social environment. Hence, city-development projects are vastly complex; they affect investors, technical specialists and citizens, and they play an increasing role in community politics. It is desirable to involve the stakeholders from an early stage in the planning process, to enable their different vi...

This paper describes an augmented reality (AR) environment that allows multiple participants or multi-user to interact with 2D and 3D data. AR simply can provide a collaborative interactive AR environment for urban planning, where users can interact naturally and intuitively. In addition, the collaborative AR makes participants in urban planning to share simultaneously a real world and virtual ...

In order to respond to the problem of urban decline, different approaches have been defined in sucha way that urban regeneration approach became current in the 1980s (and more wildly after 1995) as a replacement for urban renewal. Urban regeneration is the holistic process of reversing economic, social and physical decay in areas where it has reached a stage when market forces alone will not su...

The purpose of the present paper was to pursue the social factors involving in scientific papers and also examine the impact of tendency of PhD candidates to participate in research projects, membership and activity of PhD candidate at conferences, the willingness in scientific collaboration of professors and researchers. The sample size consisted of 92 PhD candidates at Islamic Azad University...

The main purpose of this study is to assess the effects of the interaction patterns between family planning workers and potential clients upon acceptance of family planning. The study was carried out as part of an intercountry collaborative study and guided by UN-ESCAP in 1991. For data collection, a random sampling procedure was applied in picking up the final units of areas (9 "dongs" in Ch...

this study investigates the application of landscape ecology in planning and design of urban ecological systems. the ecological approach to landscape planning and the concepts of designing and implementing ecological systems have gained increasing attention in the last two decades. however, the ecological systems of urban environment need more research to consider built and natural patches and ...