This paper documents that the path of credit spreads since a firm’s last loan influences the level at which it can currently borrow. If spreads have moved in the firm’s favor (i.e., declined), it is charged a higher interest rate than justified by current fundamentals, and if spreads have moved to its detriment, it is charged a lower rate. We evaluate several possible explanations for this find...

monomeric myosin first spotted in electron micrographs almost 30 years ago has finally been united with a proposed function. Tyska and Mooseker (page 395) report that myosin-1A associates with and anchors a raft component in apical membranes. Myosin-1A was previously thought to shuttle Golgi-derived cargos to the plasma membrane (after most of the distance had been covered using microtubule-bas...

Modularity is a key feature at design, programming, proving, testing, and maintenance time, as well as a must for reusability. Most languages and systems provide built-in facilities for encapsulation, importation or parameterization. Nevertheless there exists also languages, like HTML, with poor support for modularization. A natural idea is therefore to provide generic modularization primitives...

example, framing of outcomes in positive or negative The competitive market simulation (Bazerman, Magterms has been shown to affect negotiators perforliozzi, & Neale, 1985) was used to explore anchoring mance and total profit (Bazerman, Magliozzi, & Neale, effects in negotiation. Two possible anchoring effects 1985; Neale & Northcraft, 1986). Other biases, such as were examined in the present s...

The fine structure of the lymphatic capillary and the surrounding tissue areas was investigated. Instead of a continuous basal lamina (basement membrane) surrounding the capillary wall, these observations revealed the occurrence of numerous fine filaments that insert on the outer leaflet of the trilaminar unit membrane of the lymphatic endothelium. These filaments appear as individual units, or...

Suppose you are the judge in a legal case of rape. The prosecutor and the defender have given their final speeches and you have just closed the court for a lunch break. The next session will start right after lunch, so that you have roughly an hour to make up your mind about the sentence. All the information that is necessary to make this important decision is right in front of you. The protoco...

For example, in one study subjects were asked to give the percent of African countries in the United Nations. In each case, a number between 0 and 100 was assigned as an initial value and the subject was asked if this was too high or two low, and what adjustment needed to be made. Despite the fact that each of the subjects knew that the initial value had been determined randomly (by spinning a ...

We describe a simple method for determining anchoring energies from the measured optical response of liquid crystal cells. The method is quick and easy to use and can therefore be used to check a range of possible treatments, or for process control in an industrial environment .

This paper studies existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in a monetary model in which fiscal policy is Ricardian. The innovation of the paper is to model agents’ expectations as endogenous probabilities which are determined in equilibrium. Since economies with a Ricardian fiscal policy typically exhibit indeterminacy of equilibrium when the monetary policy instrument is the short-term interes...

Zinc porphyrins possessing three p-carboxyphenyl anchoring groups with various substituents were prepared by a facile three-step route in good yields. Zn1NH3A with electron donating and anti-aggregation meso substituents has achieved the highest efficiency of 6.10%. These porphyrins with three p-carboxyphenyl groups are more stable toward photo-bleaching than their single anchoring group analogs.