Anal cancer comprises malignancies of the anal canal principally of two morphologic variants: squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma. In most settings, SCC compromises more than 70% of cases. In the general population, anal cancer is uncommon, with age-standardised incidence rates mostly between 1 and 2 per 100000 per year. However, incidence of anal SCC is increasing by 1-3% per year...

Anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common among women and the cause of most anal malignancies. The incidence of anal cancer has been increasing among U.S. women, yet few cofactors for the natural history of anal HPV infection have been identified. We examined the hypothesis that plasma carotenoid, retinol, and tocopherol concentrations are associated with the acquisition and clearance...

Squamous anal cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy that represents the 1.5% to 2% of all the lower digestive tract cancers. However, an increased incidence of invasive anal carcinoma is observed in HIV-seropositive population since the widespread of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Human papillomavirus is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of anal cancer. Anal intercourse and a high ...

BACKGROUND Although intersphincteric resection can avoid the need for permanent colostomy in patients with lower rectal cancer, it sometimes causes anal sphincter dysfunction, thus resulting in a lifelong, debilitating disorder due to incontinence of solid and liquid stool. The development of regenerative medicine could improve this condition by regenerating impaired anal muscle. In order to pr...

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AIMS The macroH2A histone variants are epigenetic marks for inactivated chromatin. In this study, we examined the expression of macroH2A2 in anal neoplasm from anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) to anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS AIN and anal SCC samples were analysed for macroH2A2 expression, HIV and human papilloma virus (HPV). The association of macroH2A2 expression with clin...

Thirteen patients with faecal incontinence and 26 control subjects were studied to investigate whether a quantitative electromyographic (EMG) signal could be correlated to anal manometry. Three different electrodes were used--a concentric needle electrode, a disposable sponge electrode, and a hard anal plug electrode. The maximum amplitude of the EMG recording was used as a quantitative paramet...

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV16, is central to the development of squamous anogenital cancers and their precursor lesions, termed "squamous intraepithelial neoplasias." Men who have sex with men, particularly those who are infected with HIV, are at a high risk for anal infection with HPV16 and for low-grade anal neoplasia; however, only a subset of these men develop ...

INTRODUCTION Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), which may be a precursor of anal carcinoma, has been identified on histology following minor anal surgical procedures, in particular the removal of perianal condylomata, in increasing numbers of homosexual and bisexual men. Anal cytology has recently been proposed as a useful method of identifying AIN lesions. OBJECTIVE To compare anal cytolo...

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV16, is cen tral to the development of squamous anogenital cancers and their precur sor lesions, termed "squamous intraepithelial neoplasias." Men who have sex with men, particularly those who are infected with HIV, are at a high risk for anal infection with HPV16 and for low-grade anal neoplasia; however, only a subset of these men develo...