In this study we examined the mechanism by which ammonium bicarbonate inhibits mycotoxigenic fungi. Elevated extracellular pH, alone, was not responsible for the antifungal activity. Although conidia of Penicillium griseofulvum and Fusarium graminearum had internal pH (pHi) values as high as 8.0 in buffer at an external pH (pHo) of 9.5, their viability was not markedly affected. The pHi values ...

In this study, different cationic surfactants were prepared by reacting dodecyl bromide with tertiary amines to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts that were converted subsequently to stannous and cobalt cationic complexes via complexing them with stannous (II) or cobalt (II) ions. Surface properties such as surface- and interfacial-tension, and the emulsifying power of these surfacta...

The values given in the literature for the ammonia content of the brain show wide variation (l-3). Most of these values are of doubtful reliability, since the methods of estimation have not generally taken into account the presence of labile acid amides such as glutamine, which are now known to occur in the brain and which easily liberate ammonia on treatment with alkalies under the conditions ...

The Stevens and Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement of ammonium ylides are known as useful transformations for organic synthesis because they convert a readily accessible C–N bond into a new C–C bond. The Stevens rearrangement has been widely used for the asymmetric synthesis of α-amino acid derivatives, whereas the Sommelet–Hauser rearrangement is much less common because the Sommelet–Hauser rearran...

In recent years a high demand for natural ingredients with nutraceutical properties has been witnessed, for which the development of more environmentally-friendly and cost-efficient extraction solvents and methods play a primary role. In this perspective, in this work, the application of deep eutectic solvents (DES), composed of quaternary ammonium salts and organic acids, as alternative solven...

[reaction: see text] Polyfluorinated quaternary ammonium cations, [CF(3)(CF(2))(7)(CH(2))(3)](3)CH(3)N(+) (R(F)N(+)), were synthesized and used as countercations for the [WZnM(2)(H(2)O)(2)(ZnW(9)O(34))(2)](12)(-) (M = Mn(II), Zn(II)) polyoxometalate. The (R(F)N(+))(12)[WZnM(2)(H(2)O)(2)(ZnW(9)O(34))(2)] compounds were fluorous biphasic catalysts for alcohol and alkenol oxidation, and alkene epo...

A crown ether-functionalized poly(tetraphenylethene) (AP-TPE) is synthesized and the rotation of the TPE group is successfully restricted via the complexation of crown ether and organic ammonium salts, leading to a stepwise enhanced fluorescence accompanied by a morphological transition from micellar to vesicular.