Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes a reaction that incorporates ammonium into glutamate and yields glutamine in the cytosol and chloroplasts. Although the enzymatic characteristics of the GS1 isozymes are well known, their physiological functions in ammonium assimilation and regulation in roots remain unclear. In this study we show evidence that two cytosolic GS1 isozymes (GLN1;2 and GLN1;3) c...

The ammonium permease Mep2p mediates ammonium uptake and also induces filamentous growth in the human-pathogenic yeast Candida albicans in response to nitrogen limitation. The C-terminal cytoplasmic tail of Mep2p contains a signaling domain that is not required for ammonium transport but is essential for Mep2p-dependent morphogenesis. Progressive C-terminal truncations showed Y433 to be the las...

Ammonium suppresses nitrogenase activity in Anabaena flos-aquae (Lyng) Breb. at all pH values tested. l-Methionine-dl-sulfoximine at 1 millimolar totally inhibited glutamine synthetase, and 10 micromolar partially inhibited. Both concentrations protected nitrogenase activity from ammonium-induced suppression at pH 7.1 and 8.1. At pH 9.3 and 10.2, methionine sulfoximine did not alleviate the sup...

Urinary ammonium excretion by the kidney is essential for renal excretion of sufficient amounts of protons and to maintain stable blood pH. Ammonium secretion by the collecting duct epithelia accounts for the majority of urinary ammonium; it is driven by an interstitium-to-lumen NH3 gradient due to the accumulation of ammonium in the medullary and papillary interstitium. Here, we demonstrate th...

Introduction: Ammonia in form of ammonium ions is toxic and could decrease the dissolved oxygen in water and endanger the aquatic life. The aim of this study is the removal of ammonium using oxidation and adsorption by catalytic ozonation and clinoptilolite zeolite, respectively. Methods: The research method is Experimental. First, optimal pH of ammonium adsorption on carbon catalyst (5 g/L), ...

Fine porous ammonium perchlorate (PAP) has small holes in its crust, and the voids particles are connected to outside. The porosity of PAP results fine bubble contamination a propellant because cannot be completely charged with binder. can improve burning rate characteristics an (AP) propellant. influence on nitrate (AN)/AP effect Fe2O3 as catalyst them were investigated this study. void fracti...

Vulnerability of water resources to nutrients led to progressively stricter standards for wastewater effluents. Modification of the conventional procedures to meet the new standards is inevitable. New technologies should give a priority to nitrogen removal. In this paper, ammonium chloride and urine as nitrogen sources were used to investigate the capacity of a microbial electrolysis cell (MEC)...

Two structurally and functionally distinct mammalian TOR complexes control cell growth and metabolism in physiological and pathological contexts including cancer. Upregulated glutaminolysis is part of the metabolic reprogramming occurring in cancer, providing fuels for growth but also liberating ammonium, a potent neurotoxic waste product. Here, we identify ammonium as a novel dose-dependent si...