Acid deposition and repeated biomass harvest have decreased soil calcium (Ca) availability in many temperate forests worldwide, yet existing methods for assessing available soil Ca do not fully characterize soil Ca forms. To account for discrepancies in ecosystem Ca budgets, it has been hypothesized that the highly insoluble biomineral Ca oxalate might represent an additional soil Ca pool that ...

Neomycin production of Streptomyces fradiae NCIM 2418 was optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM), which is powerful mathematical approach comprehensively applied in the optimization of solid state fermentation processes. In the first step of optimization, with Placket-Burman design, ammonium chloride, sodium nitrate, L-histidine, and ammonium nitrate were established to be the cr...

The roots of barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Steptoe) were monitored before and after excision for net uptake of carbon dioxide, oxygen, ammonium, potassium, nitrate, and chloride and for their content of sucrose, glucose, fructose, and malic acid. All fluxes began to attenuate within 2 hours after excision. Net potassium uptake returned to control levels 6 hours after excision, but carbon...

A series of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Structure of HACC was characterized by FT IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and it was proved that substitution reaction mainly occurs on the N element. Antimicrobial activities of HACC was examined against S. aureus, E. coli, and A. niger. Resul...

In this study, the treatment of fly ash and steel making slag in aqueous ammonia chloride has been conducted. These zero-value wastes have distinctively high concentrations of magnesium, calcium and iron. The ammonium chloride has been employed as the leaching reagent to extract MgO out of fly ash and slag, and the dissolved cations in the leachate were subsequently precipitated by carbonation....

A method is described that uses particle hygroscopicity measurements, made with a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), to determine solution water activity as a function of composition. The use of derived water activity data in computations determining the ability of aerosols to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is explored. Results for sodium chloride and ammonium s...

The bacterial strain producing thermostable, alklophilic alpha-amylase was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KCP2 using 16S rDNA gene sequencing data (NCBI Accession No: KF112071). Medium components were optimized through the statistical approach for the synthesis of alpha-amylase by the organism under solid-state fermentation using wheat bran as the substrate. The medium components infl...

A rapid and efficient one-pot, four-component protocol towards the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives has been developed. The condensation of aldehyde, dimedone, ethyl acetoacetate and ammonium acetate in presence of stannous chloride was carried out under solvent free condition to synthesize a variety of polyhydroquinoline derivatives in good to excellent yields. Stannous chloride was...

Alcaligenes faecalis No. 4 (No. 4), which conducts heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, removed 800 mg-N/l of highstrength ammonium and 100 mg-P/l of phosphorus, both in a synthetic medium and in an anaerobically digested municipal sludge solution. The estimated N2 conversion ratio from ammonium-nitrogen was approximately 50%. When the initial phosphorus concentration was re...

In situ Raman spectra of chemisorbed azobenzene (AB) monolayers on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes were observed under potentiostatic conditions in acetonitrile (ACN) with tetrabutyl-ammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBA-BF4). The Raman intensities of these spectra were high below -1000 mV, and this is attributed to the change in absorbance of AB on GC. In this paper, we describe chemisorbed AB molecul...