Amiloride, a Na+ channel blocker, and frusemide, an inhibitor of the Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter on the basolateral surface of airway epithelial cells, have the potential to affect water transport across the airway epithelium. As isocapnic hyperventilation challenge (ISH) with dry air may provoke airway narrowing in asthmatic subjects by dehydrating the airways, inhaled amiloride and frusemide m...

The proximal duodenal mucosa secretes HCO that serves to protect the epithelium from injury. In isolated human duodenal enterocytes in vitro, multiple luminal membrane proteins are involved in acid/base transport. We postulated that one or more isoforms of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger (NHE) family is located on the apical surface of human duodenal mucosal epithelial cells and thereby contributes to...

We have previously characterized in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts a growth factor activatable and amiloride-sensitive Na+/H+ antiport (Pouysségur, J., Chambard, J. C., Franchi, A., Paris, S., and Van Obberghen-Schilling, E. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 3935-3939). In this report, we compared the affinity of 28 analogs of amiloride for inhibition of the Na+/H+ antiport and inhib...

To determine Na+/H+ exchange in lamprey erythrocyte membranes, the cells were acidified to pH(i) 6.0 using the K+/H+ ionophore nigericin. Incubation of acidified erythrocytes in a NaCl medium at pH 8.0 caused a considerable rise in 22Na+ influx and H+ efflux during the first 1 min of exposure. In addition, exposure of acidified red cells to NaCl medium was associated with rapid elevation of int...

IN THE CRYSTAL OF THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 2-(3,5-diamino-6-chloro-pyrazin-2-ylcarbon-yl)guanidinium chloride methanol disolvate], C(6)H(9)ClN(7)O(+)·Cl(-)·2CH(3)OH , the components are connected by N-H⋯N, N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯O, O-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a three-dimensional network. The dihedral angle between the aromatic ring and the guanidine residue is 6.0 (2)°.

Taste receptor cells are replaced with an average life span of ~10 days in mammals. This turnover is accompanied by continuing synaptic reconnection between newly formed taste cells and gustatory fibers. However, little is known of how sensory information of the fibers is maintained during the synaptic reconnection. Our previous study examined taste responses of regenerated mouse chorda tympani...

Although there is compelling evidence that amiloride reduces the intensity of Na+ and Li+ salts in humans, its effects on saltiness are conflicting. Many salts elicit not only a salty taste but also one or more side tastes (sweetness, sourness or bitterness). Some studies have shown a suppression of saltiness by amiloride; others show no effect on saltiness but a significant reduction in sourne...