Alkylation of isobutane and 2-butene was carried out in a continuous unit using triethylamine hydrochloride (Et3NHCl)-aluminum chloride (AlCl3) ionic liquid (IL) as catalyst. The effects of impurities such as water, methanol, and diethyl ether on the stability of the catalytic properties and deactivation of the ionic liquid were studied in the continuous alkylation. In the Et3NHCl-2AlCl3 ionic ...

Aluminum and zinc are two important trace elements in an organism. Although several studies have demonstrated their impacts on the intelligence, very little was known about their effects on the integrity of blood-brain barrier (BBB). To study the effects of aluminum and zinc on the permeability of BBB, different doses of aluminum and appropriate zinc were administered to rats. Evans blue was de...

1. Introduction HfAlON has been expected as a candidate of the gate insulators for low power and low stand-by power CMOS. An incorporation of an Al 2 O 3 layer into HfO 2 offers advantages of increasing the band-offset [1] and the higher crystallization temperature, while it gives rise to V TH (V FB) shift [2] and deteriorates the mobility [3]. In addition, an excess amount of nitrogen incorpor...

This paper presents an evolutionary based method to obtain the un-stressed lattice spacing, d0, required to calculate the residual stress profile across a weld of an age-hardenable aluminum alloy, AA2024. Due to the age-hardening nature of this alloy, the d0 value depends on the heat treatment. In the case of welds, the heat treatment imposed by the welding operation differs significantly depen...

Vapor grown carbon fiber reinforced pure aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the hot-pressing method below the melting temperature of pure aluminum. The surface structures of the vapor grown carbon fibers and the interfacial structures between the fibers and the matrix in the composite were observed. The precipitation mechanism of crystalline aluminum carbide was also investigated. An...

Background: Aluminum has known neurotoxicity and may impair short-term bone health. In a randomised trial we showed reduced neurodevelopmental scores in preterm infants previously exposed to aluminum from parenteral nutrition solutions. Here, in the same cohort, we test the hypothesis that neonatal aluminum exposure also adversely affects long-term bone health, as indicated by reduced bone mass...

Introduction. The electrical conductivity of minerals increases with temperature and impurity content [e.g., 1]. Aluminum in orthopyroxene is one such impurity that has been invoked to fit the electrical conductivity of the deep interior of the Moon while maintaining subsolidus temperatures [2-4]. However, the required bulk alumina abundance in pyroxene is comparable to that inferred for the en...

In situ fracture study of a Cu/Al composite laminate was discussed via the observation of scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental test was carried out by a modified miniature tensile device. With the aid of the SEM’s sample stage and a wedge block, the profile morphology of the specimen was observed. The substrate layer (1060 aluminum) and the plate layer (C11000 copper) of the spe...

In the fishmeal industry, seawater is used to transport fish factories. Due this, “pumping water” with high concentrations of organic matter generated that treated via chemical coagulation before letting it into sea. The objective this study characterize and compare sludge obtained from conventional electrocoagulation process. A pilot plant was built next a plant. both methodologies analyzed fo...