We analyze how termination charges affect retail prices when taking into account that receivers derive some utility from a call and when firms may charge consumers for receiving calls. We assume that consumers form expectations about network sizes in a passive, but ex-post rational way. We show that RPP enlarges the set of equilibria compared to CPP. For a given termination charge and inelastic...

The first steps of oseltamivir synthesis from quinic acid involve acetalization and ester formation. These reactions are catalyzed by either acids or bases, which may be accomplished by heterogeneous catalysts. Sulfonic solids are efficient acid catalysts for acetalization and esterification reactions. Supported tetraalkylammonium hydroxide or 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene are also effici...

In-vehicle information systems (IVIS) should minimize the cognitive load on the drivers to reduce any risk of accidents. For that purpose we built an experiment in which two alternatives for information display are compared. One alternative is the traditional information display method of showing a map with the target route highlighted in red. This is compared against a proposed alternative for...

S. Monsell, K. E. Patterson, A. Graham, C. H. Hughes, and R. Milroy (1992) reported that high-frequency irregular words are named faster when presented in a "pure" block than when mixed with nonwords. They attributed this effect to a de-emphasis of an assembly route in the pure block. The current authors replicated this effect in Experiment 1. In Experiments 2 and 3, similar effects resulted fr...

For most patients with type 1 diabetes, the worst part of the disease is to tolerate needle after needle, both for glucose measurement and to deliver insulin. In the last two decades, concept of insulin therapy by multiple-dose injection has undergone a miraculous change. Needle-free insulin delivery appeared to be a wonderful approach, and its allure rested in being comfortable and safe. In to...

In order to compare rectal and intravenous(IV) administration of diazepam for management of convulsions,a prospective cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 94 convulsive infants and children referring to the Emergency department of the university hospital No.1 in Kerman.all children were randomly divided into two groups.the patients were matched with regard to the cause,type,durat...

Transcathater aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a promising alternative for patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis who are not candidates for surgery due to high comorbidity and operation mortality (1, 2). Transfemoral approach (TF) is the generally accepted route for TAVI. However, small vessel diameter and peripheral arterial disease hinder this access (3). Presently ...

We describe a 64-year-old man diagnosed as having gastric cancer with a patent right gastroepiploic artery (RGEA) used for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Before gastrectomy, the native coronary artery was revascularized to safely dissect the infrapyloric lymphatic tissue along the layer recently identified as an appropriate layer for radical lymphadenectomy, in anticipation of preservi...

The subcutaneous insulin drug therapy, vial and syringe method is burdenful and time consuming. Another question to design an alternative way to deliver insulin by replaces injectable insulin to move comfortable dosage form. Consequently more acceptable at least effective insulin delivery has been developed over past years. This review examines some of many attempts made to developed alternativ...

The Surabaya City Government seeks to provide adequate public transportation such as the Bus. current condition on Gunung Anyar - Kenjeran route is that there no intermodal connectivity, so it hoped connectivity will increase demand for buses operating route. For this reason, research was conducted plan Microbus Stop a stop location if be used feeder Bus and determine range of services meet nee...