The purpose of the study was to determine the contribution of nursing auxiliaries towards health care services, against their scope of practice. The sample consisted of nursing auxiliaries in the Gazankulu area, in the Northern Transvaal. The findings revealed that nursing auxiliaries are presently an essential component of nursing services rendered in Gazankulu, but that apart from their presc...

Guardianship within families is often regarded as the most viable and preferred option for orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC). However, this will place a considerably increased burden on the new caregivers of these children. This study examines whether assistance to prospective families would incline them towards incorporating children and, if so, what would act as 'threshold' incentives fo...

In this paper, a new voltage-mode first order allpass filter using minimum active and passive components is presented. The proposed circuit employs one fully differential second generation current conveyor (FDCCII), one grounded capacitor, one resistor and offers the following advantages: the use of only grounded capacitor which is attractive for integrated circuit implementation, low active an...

This experiment compares the performance of two contest designs: a standard winnertake-all tournament with a single fixed prize, and a novel proportional-payment design in which that same prize is divided among contestants by their share of total achievement. We find that proportional prizes elicit more entry and more total achievement than the winner-take-all tournament. The proportional-prize...

Visual object recognition is of fundamental importance in our everyday interaction with the environment. Recent models of visual perception emphasize the role of top-down predictions facilitating object recognition via initial guesses that limit the number of object representations that need to be considered. Several results suggest that this rapid and efficient object processing relies on the ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the healthcare utilization and medical care costs of women with a history of intimate partner violence (IPV) compared to women without a history of IPV. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. SETTING Mixed-model health maintenance organization. PARTICIPANTS Over 3000 (3333) women aged 18 to 64 years with > or = 3 year's cumulative enrollment prior to the survey, at least...

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a common clinical problem in both the community and healthcare-associated settings. Each patient should be carefully assessed to ensure that a correct diagnosis is made and that antimicrobial therapy is appropriately prescribed--defined as using a clinically indicated agent in the correct dose and route of administration, for the correct duration--for symp...

AIMS To investigate infant deaths in Cumbria, 1950-93, in relation to individual and community level socioeconomic status. METHODS Retrospective birth cohort study of all 283,668 live births and 4889 infant deaths in Cumbria, 1950-93. Community deprivation (Townsend score) and individual social class were used to estimate socioeconomic status. Logistic regression was used to investigate risk ...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate Smoke-free Kids, a new home based programme to assist parents who smoke in socializing their children against smoking. DESIGN Two year randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS At baseline, 887 adult smokers who had an abstinent child in the third grade (ages 7-8 years); 671 adults and children were retained through the 24 month follow up. INTERVENTION Programme modu...

The efficacy of contraceptive treatments has been extensively tested, and several formulations are effective at reducing fertility in a range of species. However, these formulations should minimally impact the behavior of individuals and populations before a contraceptive is used for population manipulation, but these effects have received less attention. Potential side effects have been identi...