BACKGROUND Prenatal exposure to alcohol can adversely affect the fetus. We investigated the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and cryptorchidism (undescended testis) among newborn boys. METHODS We examined 2,496 boys in a prospective Danish-Finnish birth cohort study for cryptorchidism at birth (cryptorchid/healthy: 128/2,368) and at 3 months of age (33/2,215)....

OBJECTIVES To implement an identification and brief advice (IBA) intervention to detect low-risk/hazardous alcohol consumption. DESIGN Implementation was guided through the use of quality improvement tools and training. SETTING This study was conducted over an 18-month period from April 2010 to September 2011 on a 42-bed acute medical unit at a central London acute hospital. PARTICIPANTS ...

BACKGROUND The goals of our study are to determine the most appropriate model for alcohol consumption as an exposure for burden of disease, to analyze the effect of the chosen alcohol consumption distribution on the estimation of the alcohol Population- Attributable Fractions (PAFs), and to characterize the chosen alcohol consumption distribution by exploring if there is a global relationship w...

BACKGROUND Accurate measures of alcohol consumption are critical in assessing health harms caused by alcohol. In many countries, there are large discrepancies between survey-based measures of consumption and those based on alcohol sales. In England, surveys measuring typical alcohol consumption account for only around 60% of alcohol sold. Here, using a national survey, we measure both typical d...

AIMS To describe alcohol policy changes in parallel to consumption changes in 2005-2010 in Estonia, where alcohol consumption is among the highest in Europe. METHODS Review of pertinent legislation and literature. RESULTS Alcohol consumption decreased since 2008, while alcohol excise tax, sales time restrictions and ad bans have increased since 2005. An economic downturn started in 2008. ...

Both the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the endogenous opioid system are activated in response to stress as well as after alcohol consumption, supporting the hypothesis that stress can influence both alcohol consumption and craving for alcohol. Activation of the HPA axis by stress or alcohol results in the production of glucocorticoid hormones, such as cortisol. T...

OBJECTIVE To examine the association between alcohol consumption in midlife and subsequent cognitive decline. METHODS Data are from 5,054 men and 2,099 women from the Whitehall II cohort study with a mean age of 56 years (range 44-69 years) at first cognitive assessment. Alcohol consumption was assessed 3 times in the 10 years preceding the first cognitive assessment (1997-1999). Cognitive te...

Using data from a 12-year prospective study, we determined the importance of the pattern of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 46,892 U.S. male health professionals who completed biennial postal questionnaires. Overall, 1,571 new cases of type 2 diabetes were documented. Compared with zero alcohol consumption, consumption of 15-29 g/day of alcohol was associ...

AIMS This study documents patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse in a birth cohort of 965 Christchurch born children studied to the age of 15 years. Additionally, the study documents the associations between measures of alcohol consumption and a range of other aspects of adolescent development. METHOD Data on patterns of alcohol use, alcohol related problems and other aspects of ad...

conclusions we conclude that oral cancer is etiologically related to the interaction between smoking and drinking. results the smoking as well as alcohol drinking rates in the subjects of the case group were significantly higher than the controls. of smoking types, bidi (a hand rolled cigarette) (or = 4.1, 95% ci = 2.4-6.9), and among alcohol types, hard liquor (or = 2.6, 95% ci = 1. 4-6.4), cou...