When risks threaten, cognitivemechanismsbias people toward actionor inaction. Fearsome risks are highly available. The availability bias tells us that this leads people to overestimate their frequency. Therefore, they also overreact to curtail the likelihood or consequences of such risks. More generally, fear can paralyze efforts to think clearly about risks. We draw on a range of environmental...

BACKGROUND In rhinoplasty, functional and cosmetic problems including imbalance between the nasal subunits and face are aimed to be corrected. So there is a need for careful preoperative evaluation and treatment of these patients. According to functional and aesthetic effects of these variables in rhinoplasty, evaluation of the frequency with focus to diagnostic methods was undertaken. METHOD...

Deformities of the nostrils and alar region are among the very common clinically defects, which interfere with the functional anatomy of the nose. This case paper exemplifies the management of a bilateral external nasal valve area defect in a patient following a nasal reconstruction done using a forehead flap. The nasal stents were rendered to the patient for comfortable breathing by maintainin...

IMPORTANCE Thin or cephalically malpositioned lateral crura cause nasal obstruction by depressing nasal valves and decrease patient satisfaction with rhinoplasty as a result of nostril asymmetry and alar collapse. OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the aesthetic and functional efficacy of lateral crural repositioning with lateral strut grafting in patients with cephalic malposition of the lateral crura...

the aim of this study was to develop a derivative of chitosan as pharmaceutical excipient used in sustained-release matrix tablets of poorly soluble drugs. a water-soluble quaternary ammonium carboxymethylchitosan was synthesized by a two-step reaction with carboxymethylchitosan (cmcts), decylalkyl dimethyl ammonium and epichlorohydrin. the elemental analysis showed that the target product with...