In the last few years, the international organization for standards ISO has started up various projects concerned with the definition of interoperable concepts for syntactic, morphosyntactic, and semantic annotation, with the ultimate aim to support the development of interoperable language resources. The Linguistic Annotation Framework (LAF, Ide & Romary, 2004) thereby serves as a meta-framewo...

Programming Language Syntax and Semantics introduces methods for formally specifying the syntax and semantics of programming languages. Understanding Programming Languages provides A comprehensive look at the design elements of programming languages. It will enable the developers, managers and architects to. 99 pages. Following is an analysis of how computer languages are taught and how English...

Extended versions of the Lambek Calculus currently used in computational linguistics rely on unary modalities to allow for controlled application structural rules affecting word order and phrase structure. These operations give rise derivational ambiguities that are missed by original or its pregroup simplification. Proposals compositional interpretation extended compact closed category FVect l...

What roles do syntax and semantics have in the grammar of a language? What are the consequences of these roles for syntactic structure, and why does it matter? We sketch the Simpler Syntax Hypothesis, which holds that much of the explanatory role attributed to syntax in contemporary linguistics is properly the responsibility of semantics. This rebalancing permits broader coverage of empirical l...

For most theories of semantics cases are irrelevant at best. For these theories the ideal language has fully regimented word order but no morphology. This means that cases have to disappear at the interface from syntax to semantics. The role of syntax is among other to provide a structural substitute for cases. This is also the philosophy of the Minimalist Program, where cases are treated as un...

Reppy's language CML extends Standard ML of Milner et al. with primitives for communication. It thus inherits a notion of strong polymorphic typing and may be equipped with a structural operational semantics. As a rst step we formulate an eeect system for statically expressing the communication behaviours of CML programs as these are not reeected in the types. As a second step we adapt the stru...

We demonstrate significant improvement on the MCTest question answering task (Richardson et al., 2013) by augmenting baseline features with features based on syntax, frame semantics, coreference, and word embeddings, and combining them in a max-margin learning framework. We achieve the best results we are aware of on this dataset, outperforming concurrentlypublished results. These results demon...