Quite surprisingly, it seems that the minimal shadow problem for the word-subword relation introduced here has not been studied before, whereas its analogs for sets [1–4], sequences [5], and vector spaces over finite fields [6] are well known. For an alphabet X = {0, 1, . . . , q − 1}, we consider the set X k of words xk = x1x2 . . . xk of length k. For a word ak = a1a2 . . . ak ∈ X k, we defin...

INTRODUCTION Actinic keratosis (AK) is a cutaneous intraepithelial neoplasm appearing within areas referred as 'fields of cancerization'. AK can progress to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Treatments that target both clinically visible and subclinical AKs in cancerization fields are able to reduce the risk of malignant progression. Ingenol mebutate gel is a new effective topical therapy for A...

Exposure to artificial sweetener acesulfame-K (AK) at early development stages may influence the adult sweet preference and the periphery gustatory system. We observed that the intraoral AK stimulation to mice from postnatal day 4 (P4) to weaning decreased the preference thresholds for AK and sucrose solutions in adulthood, with the preference pattern unchanged. The preference scores were incre...

A positive real sequence (ak) n k=0 is said to be unimodal if there exist integers k0, k1, 0 ≤ k0 ≤ k1 ≤ n such that a0 ≤ a1 ≤ · · · ≤ ak0 = ak0+1 = · · · = ak1 ≥ ak1+1 ≥ · · · ≥ an. The integers l, k0 ≤ l ≤ k1 are called the modes of the sequence. If k0 < k1 then (ak)k=0 is said to have a plateau of k1 − k0 + 1 elements; if k0 = k1 then it is said to have a peak. A real sequence is said to be ...

Cuthbert and Goodheart recently published a narrative review on the reliability and validity of manual muscle testing (MMT) in the Journal. The authors should be recognized for their effort to synthesize this vast body of literature. However, the review contains critical errors in the search methods, inclusion criteria, quality assessment, validity definitions, study interpretation, literature ...

Natürlich braucht man fachliches Wissen, methodische Kompetenz und die Fähigkeit zu systematisch-analytischem Denken. Aber das ist unserer Meinung nach nur die halbe Wahrheit. Wir glauben, dass es diese weichen, nicht messbaren Faktoren sind, die den Ausschlag geben, wenn’s wirklich den Punkt treffen soll. Irgendwo im Bereich der Kommunikation, des menschlichen Miteinanders und der persönlichen...

AK growth models predict that permanent changes in government policies affecting investment rates should lead to permanent changes in a country’s GDP growth. Charles Jones (1995) sees no evidence for this prediction in data for 15 OECD countries after World War II: rates of investment, especially for equipment, have risen while GDP growth rates have not. This article provides evidence supportin...

The first author [1] proved that all zeros of the reciprocal polynomial Pm(z) = m ∑ k=0 Akz k (z ∈ C), of degree m ≥ 2 with real coefficients Ak ∈ R (i.e. Am 6= 0 and Ak = Am−k for all k = 0, . . . , [ m 2 ] ) are on the unit circle, provided that |Am| ≥ m ∑ k=0 |Ak −Am| = m−1 ∑ k=1 |Ak −Am|. Moreover, the zeros of Pm are near to the m + 1st roots of unity (except the root 1). A. Schinzel [3] g...

Actinic keratoses (AKs) are common cutaneous lesions that develop as a result of ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage.1 Risk factors associated with AKs include advanced age, male gender, high degree of sun and/or artificial UV exposure, and fair skin.2 Epidemiological studies within Europe are limited and have provided highly variable estimates of AK point prevalence (1--38%).2--6 Cumulative sun ...

We have developed a noninvasive detection method for expression of viral-mediated gene transfer. A recombinant adenovirus was constructed by using the gene for arginine kinase (AK), which is the invertebrate correlate to the vertebrate ATP-buffering enzyme, creatine kinase. Gene expression was noninvasively monitored using (31)P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS). The product of the AK...