background: in the past three decades, tehran has experienced warmer summer so we need to determine heat-related mortality to establish appropriate public health activities during hot summers. the aim of the present study was to detect heat waves during the last decades and then determine excess mortality in immediate and lagged times. method: an ecological study based on time-series model was ...

Human thermal comfort representing the satisfaction of mind with ambient air conditions has significant effects on socioeconomic activities. Climate change is affecting (TCCs) negatively. Therefore, it important to estimate their past and future trends take accurate measures for mitigation adaptation efforts in especially urban areas. However, difficult calculate TCCs since they are combined ef...

Simulations are performed to understand the importance of smoke from biomass burning in tropical South America to regional radiation and climate. The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) regional climate model coupled with the NCAR column radiative model is used to estimate smoke direct radiative forcing and consequent atmospheric perturbations during a smoke season in this region. T...

Dendroctonus fi-ontaiis Zimm. (southern pine beetle (SPB)) has caused over $900 million in damage to pines in the southern United States between 1960 and 1990 (Price et al.. 1992). The damage of SPB to loblolly (Pinus tuedu L.), shortleaf (Pinus echinata Mill.), and pitch (Pinus rigida Mill.) pine has long been established (Hopkins. 1899), however, extensive mapping of SPB infestations has only...

A regional air quality simulation framework including the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF), the Community Multi-scale Air Quality modeling system (CMAQ), and precursor emissions to simulate tropospheric ozone over South and East Asia is introduced. Concentrations of tropospheric ozone and related species simulated by the framework are validated by comparing with observatio...

[1] This paper documents an observed lower extreme of midtropospheric (500 mbar) temperatures in the Arctic of approximately 45 C during the winter season in several data sets. Each data set shows that the coldest air masses in the Arctic reach 45 C during the fall months but seldom get much colder even into late winter despite a continued net radiative loss. We demonstrate that midtropospheric...

There is currently much attention being given to the observed increase in near-surface air temperatures during the last century. The proper investigation of heating trends, however, requires that we include surface heat content tomonitor this aspect of the climate system. Changes in heat content of the Earth's climate are not fully described by temperature alone. Moist enthalpy or, alternativel...

The present study aimed to detect sensitivity of beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) to meteorological parameters and air pollution by acidifying species as well as to surface ozone outside their north-eastern distribution range. Data set since 1981 of Preila EMEP station enabled to establish that hot Summers, cold dormant, and dry and cold first-half of vegetation periods resulted in beech tree g...

Forty-two native woody species were selected to represent the range of temperature-related ecological gradients in New Zealand. Twigs collected in July (mid-winter) were sent by air to Sapporo, Japan, where they were artificially hardened and then tested for freezing resistance. Although only one plant of each species was sampled from each site in anyone year, results were consistent from year ...

Very few land use regression (LUR) models have been developed for megacities in low- and middle-income countries, but such models are needed to facilitate epidemiologic research on air pollution. We developed annual and seasonal LUR models for ambient oxides of nitrogen (NO, NO2, and NOX) in the Middle Eastern city of Tehran, Iran, using 2010 data from 23 fixed monitoring stations. A novel syst...