The significance of CO2 emissions at the water–air interface from inland water bodies in global carbon cycle has been recognized and is being studied more more. Although it important to accurately assess emission flux a catchment, little research carried out investigate spatio-temporal variations view continuum. Here, we systematically compared differences control factors degassing across sprin...

Abstract: It is difficult to weigh the light objects by weighing balance accurately when measured individually. If several light objects are weighed in groups rather than individually then the precision of the estimates increases quite considerably. There are two types of balances one is chemical balance and other is spring balance. Spring balance is similar when only one pan of chemical balanc...

We would like to welcome our readers to the twenty-eighth issue of 49 th Parallel and our second of 2012. In the last few months there have been some exciting developments at the journal and we hope that 49 th Parallel will continue to flourish in the future. We would like to welcome our new Articles Editor, Galateia Demetriou, to the 49 th Parallel team. Galateia is a second year doctoral rese...

THE RESPONSE of hitherto known practical forms of seismographs depends upon the relative motion of a pendulum and the moving ground to which ~ts supporting structure is fastened. The various kinds of seismographs differ in the type of pendulum used, such as gravity, spring, torsion, and/or they differ in the type of magnifying and recording elements which they employ. They all measure or indica...

There have been many recent reports across Europe and North America of a change in the timing of arrival and departure of a range of migrant bird species to their breeding grounds. These studies have focused primarily on passerine birds and climate warming has been found to be one of the main drivers of earlier arrival and departure in spring. In Ireland, rising spring temperature has been show...

Beijing’s mountainous areas have an important ecological significance because they are ecological conservation and water source protection areas of Beijing. The impact of precipitation on the vegetation coverage of Beijing’s mountainous areas is qualitatively analyzed using multi-temporal Landsat images obtained during the last 20 years. Firstly, the influence of external factors, such as pheno...

The initial stimulation of photosynthesis observed on elevation of [CO2] in grasslands has been predicted to be a transient phenomenon constrained by the loss of photosynthetic capacity due to other limitations, notably nutrients and sinks for carbohydrates. Legumes might be expected partially to escape these feedbacks through symbiotic N2 fixation. The Free-Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE)...

This study discusses the development and test of a four-size HeightWeight sizing program of partial pressure and exposure suits designed for the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force. The sizing program is based upon an anthropometric survey of over 200 subjects, conducted at five air bases throughout Japan during the spring of 1961. The statistical rationale used in devising the Height-Weight progra...

The atomic force microscope was employed to investigate the time effect on normal interactions between a hydrophilic silica particle and an air bubble deposited onto a hydrophobic Teflon surface in pure water and 10 mM methyl isobutyl carbinol solutions. The force versus separation distance curves taken at different times after bubble generation were qualitatively compared. It has been found th...