Three aspects of complexity are fractals, chaos, and self-organized criticality. There are many examples of the applicability of fractals in solid-earth geophysics, such as earthquakes and landforms. Chaos is widely accepted as being applicable to a variety of geophysical phenomena, for instance, tectonics and mantle convection. Several simple cellular-automata models have been said to exhibit ...

It is well established that intraspecific aggregation has the potential to promote coexistence in communities of species competing for patchy ephemeral resources. We developed a simulation model to explore the influence of aggregation on coexistence in such communities when an important assumption of previous studies that interspecific interactions have only negative effects on the species invo...

Background & Aims: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the abnormal aggregation of amyloid-β plaques in the brain. Although several studies have been done for finding effective medicines in the treatment of this disease, a drug that inhibits amyloid β aggregation and ameliorates the disorder has not been approved so far. One important therapeutic approach is use...

Amplification is the main component of many collective phenomena in social and gregarious insects. In a society, individuals face a mixed palette of odours coming from different groups (lines, strains) and individuals present discrimination capabilities. However, often at the collective level, different groups may cooperate and act together. To understand this apparent contradiction, we use a m...

Blood rheology is completely determined by its major corpuscles which are erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs). That is why understanding and correct mathematical description of RBCs behavior in blood is a critical step in modelling the blood dynamics. Various phenomena provided by RBCs such as aggregation, deformation, shear-induced diffusion and non-uniform radial distribution affect the p...

Dilute whole blood clots were prepared by addition of thrombin to blood diluted 1:10 in phosphate buffer. The pH of this buffer was 7.4 and the ionic strength was 0.084. Though the ionic strength was low, there was no hemolysis of red corpuscles due to the contribution to the osmotic gradient by plasma salts and proteins. In the standard assay the clot was formed by addition of thrombin at 4 de...

fuzzy relation inequalities based on max-f composition are discussed, where f is a binary aggregation on [0,1]. for a fixed fuzzy relation inequalities system $ a circ^{f}textbf{x}leqtextbf{b}$, we characterize all matrices $ a^{'} $ for which the solution set of the system $ a^{' } circ^{f}textbf{x}leqtextbf{b}$ is the same as the original solution set. similarly, for a fixed matrix ...

Migration as a human phenomenon has some consequences and repercussions. One of these effects is crime commitment and inducing disturbance in land and national security in immigrants' residence country, in other word, international migration, especially illegal migration, have different penal-security effects. Finding reason that the permeability of borders and increasing illegal traffic, drug ...

The causes of nomadism, migration, and decline in vertebrates are debated issues in the ecological sciences. Literature suggests nomadism may arise in species that specialize in granivory, nectivory, or the utilization of rodent outbreaks. Migration is thought to arise as a result of the exploitation of certain scarce or variable food resources. Species decline is hypothesized to be the result ...

Background: Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at increased risk of bleeding due to multifactorial coagulopathies. In the present study, we aimed at investigating the changes in platelet count and function during and after surgery as well as determining the association of the platelet dysfunction with bleeding and transfusion requirements in these patients.    Methods: A total o...