This study focused on the factor structure of the victimization form of the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). A sample of 1,266 women participated in the study, including a subgroup of battered women. Results of confirmatory factor analysis supported a model that integrates the five original scales with the severity of violence (minor, severe). In addition, the distinction between minor a...

Institutional analysis that aims to contribute to the reduction of rural poverty needs to focus first of all on the ways in which institutions influence poverty and the livelihoods of the poor. Therefore the starting point has to be poor people themselves. This means understanding their diversity and the different characteristics of people who are affected by poverty and experience it in differ...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to estimate mean central corneal thickness (CCT) and determine whether there are any correlations between CCT, age, and sex in the adult Lithuanian population. METHODS A total of 1,650 Caucasians of Lithuanian origin (aged 18-89 years) comprising 688 (41.7%) men and 962 (58.3%) women were examined. Subjects were stratified by age into seven groups. CCT...

As part of the Cross-Cultural Research on Nutrition of Older Subjects (CRONOS) project, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to observe the nutritional status and body composition of free-living elderly and middle-aged people in a low-income area of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Anthropometric data (weight; height; arm span; four skinfold thicknesses; left upper mid-arm, abdomen, hip and calf...

The sex difference in the prevalence rates of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among the middle-aged population in China remain largely unknown. Therefore, we analyzed differences in the prevalence of diabetes, self-reported CVDs, and some CVD risk factors among men and women in the middle-aged population (30-49 years) and in individuals aged 50 years and older using data from the Ch...

PURPOSE This study was done to determine the effects of weight management program using self-efficacy in middle-aged obese women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on the weight efficacy lifestyle, body composition, and depression. METHOD The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted o...

BACKGROUND Middle-aged women have less postural control than younger women. The Star Excursion Balance Test is a functional and inexpensive postural control measurement tool that is sensitive to age-related changes in balance. HYPOTHESIS The middle-aged females will experience lower excursion scores compared with the younger women. METHODOLOGY Fifty-three healthy, recreationally active wome...

Pregnancy in the women aged less than 20 years is an important public health issue, especially in developing countries. In Iran, limited studies have focused on the effects of maternal age on gestational and neonatal outcomes to demonstrate the pregnancy outcomes in young women. The present study aimed to investigate the maternal and neonatal complications in the pregnant women aged less than 2...

BACKGROUND Within Europe, women in the southern regions have the lowest inequalities in mortality. This study evaluates inequalities in mortality from different causes by educational level and their contribution to total mortality inequalities in adult women in one of these regions. METHODS The 2001 population census in the Region of Madrid was linked with deaths in the following 20 months ac...

STUDY OBJECTIVE There exists conflicting evidence regarding the higher risk of hysterectomy among women of a lower educational and economic level. This study aims to assess whether in Italy socioeconomic level is related to hysterectomy undertaken for different medical reasons. DESIGN An area based index was used to assign socieconomic status (SES; four levels defined) to 3141 women (aged 35 ...