Intensive research and development during the Second World War had resulted in new technologies uch as radar, the proximity fuse, and the atomic bomb, all of which contributed to the Allied victory. The Cold War marked a new era in government funding for research and development, however, as new geopolitical pressures convinced military and civilian policymakers to maintain R&D expenditures ata...

This paper is a first attempt to garner the theory and evidence on the political economy of the first wave of financial liberalisation during the nineteenth and early twentieth century, and of its demise after World War I. Not everyone gained from the process of globalisation (of trade, labour, and finance), which brought about important changes in the structure of the economy and the distribut...

BACKGROUND The use of unscheduled out of hours medical care is related to the social status of the patient. However, the social variance in the patient's preference for a hospital based versus a primary care based facility, and the impact of specific patient characteristics such as the travel distance to both types of facilities is unclear. This study aims to determine the social gradient in em...

Background and Objectives: To study gender differences and the impact of trauma on hospital personnel during war. In addition, to test the relationship between gender and PTSD symptoms via mediation model. Methods: A random sample of physicians, nurses and administrative staff (n = 106) that were assessed for demographics, and PTSD symptoms a month after the war between Lebanon and Israel erupt...

objective: vitrification has been shown as one of the most effective methods of cryopreservation for mammalian embryos. however, there is no consensus which stage of embryonic development is the most appropriate for vitrification with subsequent maximal development after thawing. this study was carried out to explore and compare the effect(s) of vitrification on mouse 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, mo...

This study was conducted in order to examine the egg development in red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaaraand the morphological development of its larvae and juveniles, and to obtain data for taxonomic research. This study was conducted in June 2013, and 50 male and female fish were used for the study. One hundred μg/kg of LHRHa was injected into the body of the fish for inducing spawning, and...

Size, condition, and age of female-Icelandic cod Gadus morhua were correlated to the size of their eggs and newly hatched larvae. A positive relationship was detected between egg size and some larval viability parameters, including the age at first feeding, successful development of a swimbladder, and specific growth rates during the first 15 days after hatching. These results reveal that the v...

  Various recent studies in both human and laboratory animals have indicated an influential role of glucose and phosphate in embryonic development of different strains and species in various media. So this study was initiated to investigate the effects of different concentrations of glucose (G0=0, Gl=0.2, G2=5.5 mM) in the absence (P0) and presence (P1=0.39 mM) of inorganic phosphate, designate...

Clinical guidelines often make recommendations on the use of diagnostic tests. Compared with sensitivity and specificity, the use of preand post-test probabilities allows a more explicit and rational selection and interpretation of diagnostic tests. Ideally, clinical guidelines relating to diagnosis should routinely incorporate this information to enhance individualised decision making. We repo...