The maintenance of genetic diversity and stochastic losses of diversity during periods of small population size have become major points of concern in conservation biology. However, empirical research on random evolutionary processes in natural plant populations is still scarce and is reviewed here in comparison to our case study on Dryopteris cristata. Detailed recent population histories of t...

Yasheng Huang In 2011, standing in front of the Royal Society (the British academy of sciences), Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao declared, "Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness, and justice. Without freedom, there is no real democracy. Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom." Eric Li's article in these pages...

Pepe River is one of the Bengawan Solo with a reasonably high level water pollution due to habit surroundings in throwing garbage into river. Plants that can survive polluted land conditions have tolerance level, called pioneer plants. One them ferns (Pteridophyta). This study aims identify type, abundance, Important Value Index (IVI), and index Diversity pteridophytes plant diversity Watershed...

BACKGROUND Wound healing is often impaired in diabetic animals and humans. Matrix metalloproteases act as pro-inflammatory agents in physiological wound healing pathways by stimulating cytokines including the interleukins, IL6, IL1A and IL1B, and the tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor beta1. Botanicals are traditionally used to assist healing of different types of wounds, beca...