Cellular traction force microscopy (TFM) requires knowledge of the mechanical properties of the substratum where the cells adhere to calculate cell-generated forces from measurements of substratum deformation. Polymer-based hydrogels are broadly used for TFM due to their linearly elastic behavior in the range of measured deformations. However, the calculated stresses, particularly their spatial...

Fibronectin was not removed from the substratum beneath focal adhesion sites when fibroblasts spread in serum-free medium on adsorbed fibronectin substrata, or when fibroblasts spread in serum-containing medium on covalently cross-linked fibronectin substrata. Under these conditions, there was colocalization between 140-kD fibronectin receptors and focal adhesion sites. It was concluded that re...

Three established cell lines were examined for growth on a newly developed microcarrier which consists of glass beads. The cells were simultaneously examined for growth on comrnercially available microcarriers made from DEAE-dextran and from plastic. Cell yields on the glass microcarriers were comparable to the cell yields on the commercially available products. Cells grown on the glass microca...

Station-holding performance was determined on a smooth substratum and on a grid substratum for three species of benthic fishes differing in body shape, surface texture, density, friction coefficient and behavioural repertoire. The grid was made of wires parallel to the flow, which raised fish into the free stream. Limited observations were also made on the benthopelagic cod. Station-holding per...

We introduce a novel three-dimensional (3D) traction force microscopy (TFM) method motivated by the recent discovery that cells adhering on plane surfaces exert both in-plane and out-of-plane traction stresses. We measure the 3D deformation of the substratum on a thin layer near its surface, and input this information into an exact analytical solution of the elastic equilibrium equation. These ...

A considerable body of literature indicates that on monolayer culture, embryonic chick cartilage cells are obtained which morphologically and biochemically behave as chondrocytes (1). Earlier studies suggested that repeated monolayer culture results in "dedifferentiation" of chondro-434 B R I E F N 0 T E S cytes to give fibroblast-like cells. Coon (2) has demonstrated that with appropriate medi...

Lord Kelvin believed that the electromagnetic aether must also generate gravity. Presently, we have no methods to determine density of aether, or say Ω(1) substratum. Thus, suppose vacuum is filled with another kind continuously distributed substance, which may be called Ω(2) Based on a theorem V. Fock mass tensor fluid, contravariant energy-momentum tensors and substrata are established. Quasi...

Apparent resistivity data from the Offset-Wenner array (Zemun, Serbia), square (Bogatić and Golubac, Serbia) Wenner tri-potential technique (Vrdnik, were used to detect, measure, reduce lateral effects in 1D inversion. Forward inverse modelling with α, β γ arrays determined that provided most accurate estimate of first-and second-layer resistivity, while high substratum. The survey on Zemun loe...