Adenosine is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that modulates the function of cells involved in the inflammatory response. Here we show that it inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced formation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) in both freshly isolated and cultured human monocytes. Blocking of adenosine uptake and inactivation of the adenosine-degrading enzyme adenosine deaminase enhanced...

To investigate the role of gallic acid in lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma induced macrophage polarization toward M1. Macrophages were isolated from peritoneal wash fluid and exposed to prepared at concentrations control, 6.25, 12.5, 25 37.5 μg/ml, presence lipopolysaccharide interferon-gamma, for establishment M1 polarization. Adenosine 5’-monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor co...

The effects of adenosine were studied on human neutrophils with respect to their generation of superoxide anion, degranulation, and aggregation in response to soluble stimuli. Adenosine markedly inhibited superoxide anion generation by neutrophils stimulated with N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), concanavalin A (Con A), calcium ionophore A23187, and zymosan-treated serum; it inhib...

Apoptosis of arterial smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) could play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular adenosine induces apoptosis in various cell types. Our aim was to delineate the capacity of this nucleoside to induce ASMC apoptosis in arterial diseases. We demonstrate that adenosine dose-dependently triggers ...

OBJECTIVE Adenosine pretreatment reduces injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion. To investigate the hypothesis that adenosine pretreatment would modulate injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, we conducted a randomized controlled trial on the effects of adenosine pretreatment in children undergoing surgery to repair congenital heart defects. METHODS...

The purine nucleoside adenosine is an important regulator within the cardiovascular system, and throughout the body. Released in response to perturbations in energy state, among other stimuli, local adenosine interacts with 4 adenosine receptor sub-types on constituent cardiac and vascular cells: A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3)ARs. These G-protein coupled receptors mediate varied responses, from m...

T here is excellent evidence that adenosine plays a role in physiology and pathophysiology to modulate neural activity in the brain. For example, adenosine is known to act on adenosine A1 receptors to decrease neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release (1). This mechanism is of importance in limiting excessive neuronal activity and thereby, epileptic seizures (2, 3). Although the role of aden...

Persistent airway inflammation may require the use of different markers for monitoring airway inflammation. In this study, the authors investigated whether adenosine, which may be produced in allergic inflammatory conditions, could be measured with good reproducibility in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and whether its concentration was elevated in patients with asthma. EBC adenosine and exhal...

We tested whether adenosine mediates nitric oxide (NO)-dependent and NO-independent dilation in coronary and aortic smooth muscle and whether age selectively impairs NO-dependent adenosine relaxation. Responses to adenosine and the relatively nonselective analog 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) were studied in coronary vessels and aortas from immature (1-2 mo), mature (3-4 mo), and moderat...

The purine adenosine is a potent neuromodulator in the brain, with roles in a number of diverse physiological and pathological processes. Modulators such as adenosine are difficult to study as once released they have a diffuse action (which can affect many neurones) and, unlike classical neurotransmitters, have no inotropic receptors. Thus rapid postsynaptic currents (PSCs) mediated by adenosin...