The present paper integrates neoclassical offer curves and production theory, introducing utility maximization and trade levels into the comparative static factor proportions model. The paper analyzes production conditions that determine the Metzler paradox that a tariff could lower the tariff inclusive import price. The model provides a more complete link between neoclassical and factor propor...

BACKGROUND Presuming that tobacco taxes, levied both as import duties and ad valorem, would financially benefit the Iranian Government, such the introduction of a highly desired US product to the market would be antithetical to the sanctions regime currently in place. METHODS This paper as a systematic review and documents through Pubmed and webs seeks to understand the politician economy imp...

of a paper to be presented at the Berlin IO Day, on September 25, 2014: Non-Linear Income Effects and the Welfare Consequences of Tax in Differentiated Product Oligopoly Rachel Griffith, Lars Nesheim and Martin O'Connell Random utility models are widely used to study consumer choice and how it is affected by the economic environment. In such models it is standard to assume that the marginal uti...

One of the rare consensus among the different resources-base economic analytical approaches concerns to the strategic role of the mineral rent, as a decisive tool to assure that the temporary wealth generated in the present can turn into permanent income in the future. For this reason, the evaluation, distribution and use of the mining rent plays a central part in the mining city’s development ...

The research aims to model wine producer behavior and to assess the effectiveness of policies to reduce pesticide use in winegrape growing. We model the decision of a producer maximizing expected income under constraints and phytosanitary risk, considering the impacts of different strategies targeting downy mildew, the main grape disease in European Atlantic vineyards. The VINEPA model is a mul...

OBJECTIVES The EQ-5D is a preference-based measure of health and is increasingly being used in the evaluation of health technologies. A 'tariff' of values for all 243 EQ-5D health states has been generated using direct valuations on a subset of these states. The tariff is used to express the value of differences between health states, and so this paper explores whether a tariff with better pred...

BACKGROUND Verbal autopsies provide valuable information for studying mortality patterns in populations that lack reliable vital registration data. Methods for transforming verbal autopsy results into meaningful information for health workers and policymakers, however, are often costly or complicated to use. We present a simple additive algorithm, the Tariff Method (termed Tariff), which can be...

The services sector is the next frontier in trade liberalization, and progress in this area is likely to bring enormous economic gain to developed and developing economies. A major impediment to services trade liberaliza­ tion, however, is the lack of rigorous analytical work on its potential impact. Our aim in this paper is to propel the policy relevant research forward. Restrictions on servic...

W consider the problem of determining a set of optimal tariffs for an agent in the network, who owns a subset of all the arcs, and who receives revenue by setting the tariffs on the arcs he owns. Multiple rational clients are active in the network, who route their demands on the least expensive paths from source to destination. The cost of a path is determined by fixed costs and tariffs on the ...