People often make decisions under aversive conditions such as acute stress. Yet, less is known about the process in which acute stress can influence decision-making. A growing body of research has established that reward-related information associated with the outcomes of decisions exerts a powerful influence over the choices people make and that an extensive network of brain regions, prominent...

We investigated the effect of cilnidipine on cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to acute cold stress in conscious and unrestrained or moderately restrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Acute cold stress significantly increased mean blood pressure without marked change in heart rate. The acute cold stress-induced elevation in blood pressure was almost abolished by 1 mg/kg, p....

Birds respond to environmental changes by modulating their levels of plasma corticosterone, a stress hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Baseline levels of corticosterone and the magnitude of adrenocortical response to acute stress are known to vary seasonally. Photoperiod is one of several potential factors which could affect the seasonal modulation of corticosterone secretion. In this stu...

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse continues to be a worldwide problem, damaging the myocardial tissues, as well as the brains of individual users. In addition, stressors that increase drug cravings also contribute to cardiovascular diseases. The aim of the present study was to examine the myocardial effects of METH, including METH‑stress interactions and particularly, the effect of METH RNA expressi...

This article summarizes the recommendations of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)/Department of Defense (DOD) VA/DOD Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Post-Traumatic Stress that pertain to acute stress and the prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder, including screening and early interventions for acute stress states in various settings. Recommended interventions during th...

Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that endothelin (ET) and/or reactive oxygen species contribute to the pressor response induced by acute air jet stress in normotensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats maintained on a normal salt diet (prehypertensive). Mean arterial pressure was chronically monitored by telemetry before and after 3-day treatment with the free radical scavenger 4-hydroxy...

The initial activity of a rat placed in novel surroundings (i.e., open field activity) has been taken as an indicator of its emotional state. We have investigated the effects of immediately antecedent stress upon open field activity in comparison with basal (i.e., unstressed) activity, and additionally, the effects of a history of chronic stress upon the above behavioral patterns. Acute exposur...

The effects of acute stress on the peripheral circadian system are not well understood in vivo. Here, we show that sub-acute stress caused by restraint or social defeat potently altered clock gene expression in the peripheral tissues of mice. In these peripheral tissues, as well as the hippocampus and cortex, stressful stimuli induced time-of-day-dependent phase-advances or -delays in rhythmic ...

Objective(s):Therapies with high levels of oxygen are commonly used in the management of critical care. However, prolonged exposure to hyperoxia can cause acute lung injury. Although oxidative stress and inflammation are purported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury, the exact mechanisms are still less known in the hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI).   Materials ...