Regulatory information requirements for pesticides call for submission of acute systemic toxicity data for up to three different exposure routes (oral, dermal, inhalation) for both active ingredients and formulated products. Similar multi-route testing is required in the European Union and elsewhere for industrial chemicals. To determine the value of acute toxicity testing by more than one rout...

Oral complications are prevalent among childhood oncology patients; ranging from 30 to 100% of patients (Hong & daFonseca 2008). These oral complications can be both acute and severe, often requiring additional supportive therapy. They may delay cancer treatment or become dose limiting, increase hospital admission, increase cost, decrease quality of life and in essence add further burden to the...

background: copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. methods: in this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr w...

nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field having potential applications in many areas. nanoparticles (nps) have been studied for cell toxicity, immunotoxicity, and genotoxicity. tetrazolium-based assays such as mtt, mts, and wst-1 are used to determine cell viability. cell inflammatory response induced by nps is checked by measuring inflammatory biomarkers, such as il-8, il-6, and tumor necrosi...

Predictive toxicology plays an important role in the assessment of toxicity of chemicals and the drug development process. While there are several well-established in vitro and in vivo assays that are suitable for predictive toxicology, recent advances in high-throughput analytical technologies and model systems are expected to have a major impact on the field of predictive toxicology. This com...

In Vitro Toxicology Society Annual Meeting November 10–11, 2015 Birmingham, United Kingdom These abstracts were presented at the 2015 annual meeting of the UK In Vitro Toxicology Society (IVTS). The meeting was hosted at Birmingham, UK on November 10–11, 2015. The main session topics included hepatoxicology, inhalation toxicology, developmental and reproductive toxicology, and neurotoxicology. ...

CONTEXT Seizures may be the presenting manifestation of acute poisoning in children. Knowledge of the etiologic agent, or likely drug-class exposure, is crucial to minimize morbidity and optimize care. OBJECTIVES To describe the agents most commonly responsible for pediatric drug-induced seizures, whose evaluation included a medical toxicology consultation in the United States. METHODS Usin...

UNLABELLED Psychiatric diagnosis mainly relies on behavioral signs and symptoms. Substance abuse can mimic the clinical presentation of primary psychiatric disorders and can also complicate the management of psychiatric patients. The reliability and accuracy of urine toxicology is a vital tool in the optimal treatment of these patients. Current demographics of substance abuse suggest that in ad...

The purpose of this paper is to present some of the more carefully studied aspects of the preclinical toxicology of antineo-plastic agents, and apply these findings (with certain obvious cautions) to the area of environmental toxicology. Most of the studies to be described here are the result of applied toxicologic studies performed in support of the clinical introduction of new chemicals in th...

Combination drug therapy is commonly used to treat cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and infections. However, these therapies face challenges associated with patient compliance toxicology. Over the past decades, microdevices have emerged as a promising candidate for oral delivery allowing targeted tunable release. In present work, engineered monodisperse dual-compartment are develope...