BACKGROUND Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) decreases transfusion rates but adds to the complexity of anesthetic management during hepatectomy. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine if selecting patients for ANH using a transfusion nomogram improves management and resource use compared with selection using extent of resection. STUDY DESIGN One hundred fourteen patients...

Weltert et al. included only patients undergoing off-pump cardiac surgery and thus cannot be used to address safety and efficacy for on-pump surgery. The study by Yoo et al. included only 74 patients (not much larger than our pilot trial) and seems to have not been properly blinded. Moreover, in that study transfusions were guided by the hemoglobin concentration, so it is hard to understand why...

BACKGROUND The initial treatment of an acute blood loss with acellular fluids leads to the dilution of the red cell mass remaining in the vasculature, that is, to acute normovolemic anemia. Whether the compensation and, thus, the tolerance of acute anemia, are affected by sympathetic block induced by thoracic epidural anesthesia has not yet been investigated. METHODS Eighteen anesthetized and...

BACKGROUND The acute coagulopathy of trauma is multifactorial, but generally believed to be aggravated by coexisting acidosis, hypothermia, and hemodilution. While acidosis and hypothermia have been extensively evaluated, there is a paucity of data on the independent role of hemodilution in this scenario. We therefore hypothesized that hemodilution will impair coagulation following experimental...

Our goal was to distinguish the circulatory changes due to acute hypervolemia caused by whole blood and colloid solution from those due to acute hemodilution caused by colloid solution in the conscious rabbit. In six rabbits, homologous whole blood, dextran solution, or modified gelatin solution, equal to 32% of blood volume, was infused over 22 minutes. In six rabbits, 42% of blood volume was ...

The present study was designed to determine the effects of hemodilution with gelatine (GEL) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on hematocrit, blood viscosity, systemic hemodynamics, and central retinal arterial blood flow in anaesthetized pigs. 20 pigs were studied. Hypervolemic hemodilution was induced by 30 ml kg-1h-1 GEL (n=10) or HES (n=10) infused over 30 min. The hematocrit decreased comparabl...

The systemic and renal hemodynamic responses to NO inhibition with L-NAME were compared in both normotensive, normovolemic rats and in rats following acute hemorrhagic hypotension. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased in normovolemic as well as in hemorrhaged, hypotensive rats. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) also increased in both groups but the increase was greater in normotensive ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Increased vascular wall shear stress by elevated plasma viscosity significantly enhances the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity during an acute isovolemic hemodilution. Also the modulation of plasma viscosity has effects on the cardiac function that were revealed if a left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume (PV) measurement was used. The aim of this study ...

schemic stroke involves focal hypoperfusion of the central nervous system. Hemodilution could theoretically improve perfusion to the affected area and, therefore, reduce infarct size. Objective To assess the effects of hemodilution on clinical outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke. We also searched trials registers, scanned reference lists, and contacted authors. We included random-iz...

Rapid hemodilution in the early phase of ischemic stroke by the combination of venesection (250-650 ml during the first 2 days) and administration of low-molecular weight dextran was evaluated in a prospective controlled trial. Fifty-two patients were randomized to hemodilution therapy and 50 to a control group; the two groups were comparable in important prognostic variables. Mean hemoglobin w...