Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is the active ingredient in a range of popular broad-spectrum herbicide formulations. Glyphosate is a chelating agent that can form stable complexes with divalent metal ions including Cu(II). Little is known about the bioavailability and ecotoxicity of glyphosate-Cu(II) complexes to aquatic organisms. In this study, we used video tracking and behavior ana...

Tanning industries are one of the main economic activities in Bangladesh. It has been well documented that wastewater discharged from tanneries without appropriate treatment results in detrimental effects on the ecosystem. No ecotoxicity evaluation of any aquatic environment in Bangladesh has been conducted so far. In this study a battery of toxicity bioassays and chemical analysis were carried...

Substantial tracts of land in the southwestern and western U.S. are undergoing or will require ERA. Toxicity bioassays employed in baseline ERAs are, for the most part. representative of mesic systems, and highly standardized test species (e.g., lettuce, earthworm) are generally not relevant to arid system toxicity testing. Conversely, relevant test species are often poorly characterized with r...

Because of long-term chemical processes, metal bioavailability in field soils decreases with time. Metal toxicity may, therefore, be overestimated if toxicity data with freshly spiked soils are used to derive soil quality criteria, a current practice. In the present study, effects of the long-term processes, called aging, on copper partitioning and ecotoxicity are investigated. Twenty-five fiel...

Recent toxicology, in accordance with recommendations from the European Council, has demanded decrease in the number of vertebrates used in toxicology testing and their partial replacement with invertebrate animals, plants or even organ, tissue, or cell cultures. During the last 50 years various invertebrate species have been tested for their sensitivity to many chemical or physical agents to p...

introduction: we intended to assess the accuracy of re-expressed modification of diet for renal disease (mdrd) and cockcroft-gault (cg) equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (gfr) in chronic kidney disease in two different etiologies of acute renal failure (arf): acute tubular necrosis (atn) and acute glomerulonephritis (agn). methods: patients admitted for arf or the patients compl...