Sickle cell disease represents a spectrum of inherited hemoglobin disorders. The pathophysiology involves abnormalities not just in red blood cells but also vascular endothelium, white blood cell function, coagulation, and inflammatory response. Known sequelae of sickle cell disease include invasive infections, painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, strokes, and chronic pulmonary hypertension....

Aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the wall of the aorta, which is rare in the young population. This fatal disorder is hard to diagnose, especially in young patients. We present the case of aortic dissection in a 15-year-old boy referred to the Emergency Department of Yazd University of Medical Sciences in November 2015. The patient presented to our department with sudden acute c...

Acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the most common form of acute pulmonary disease associated with sickle cell disease. To investigate the possibility that alterations in endothelial cell (EC) production and metabolism of nitric oxide (NO) products might be contributory, we measured NO products from cultured pulmonary EC exposed to red blood cells and/or plasma from sickle cell patients during crisi...

A 46-year-old African-American male with past medical history significant for Kartagener's syndrome, essential hypertension, and HIV presented with acute chest pain. ECG and troponins indicated an acute myocardial infarction. Ventriculography confirmed dyskinesia of the left ventricle, with an EF of 25%. However the coronary catheterization showed nonobstructed coronaries. Ventricular contracti...

BACKGROUND Plastic bronchitis is a rare but life-threatening disorder and is usually associated with congenital heart disease or pulmonary disease. CASE CHARACTERISTICS A 5-year-old boy with minimal change nephrotic syndrome who developed a relapse along with cough, fever and dyspnea. OBSERVATION Chest X-ray showed atelectasis of right upper lobe of lung, and nasal swab was positive for inf...

This article presents specific examples of delayed diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, acute aortic dissection, and pulmonary embolism resulting from evaluating patients with nonspecific acute chest pain who did not undergo immediate dedicated coronary CT angiography (CTA) or triple rule-out protocol (TRO). These concrete examples of delayed diagnosis may advance the concept of using cardiac ...

Sickle cell haemoglobin D disease (D-Punjab) is a rare variant of sickle (SCD) reported from central India. Exact incidence pulmonary thrombosis in patients with HbSD unknown. Pulmonary known complication SCD but case pattern. We 34-year-old male patient acute chest syndrome (ACS). CT angiogram revealed near complete right middle lobe segmental and subsegmental branches infarct. Our responded t...

BACKGROUND Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a highly expressed enzyme due to leukocyte activation, with multiple atherogenic actions, including LDL cholesterol oxidation, and is related to the instability of atherosclerotic plaque. It is a predictor of adverse events in healthy individuals, patients with heart disease or those undergoing chest pain investigations. OBJECTIVE To analyze the contributio...

Acute lung injury carries a high burden of morbidity and mortality and is characterised by nonhydrostatic pulmonary oedema. The aim of this paper is to highlight the role of accurate quantification of extravascular lung water in diagnosis, management, and prognosis in "acute lung injury" and "acute respiratory distress syndrome". Several studies have verified the accuracy of both the single and...

Objective. To compare the accuracy of biomarkers for identifying acute chest syndrome (ACS) in patients with sickle cell disease presenting to a pediatric emergency department (ED). Methods. We conducted a 13-month-long (2002–2003) cohort study with nested case-control in patients with sickle cell disease presenting to the pediatric ED with vaso-occlusive crises or fever in which we compared le...