During a primary influenza infection, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells need to infiltrate the infected airways and engage virus-infected epithelial cells. The factors that regulate T cell motility in the infected airway tissue are not well known. To more precisely study T cell infiltration of the airways, we developed an experimental model system using the trachea as a site where live imaging can be perf...

Living systems at the subcellular, cellular, and multicellular levels are often crowded that contain active particles. The motion of these particles can also propel passive particles, which typically results in enhanced effective diffusion Here we study a tracer particle such dense system crowders using minimal lattice model incorporating pushing each other. We show exhibits several regimes mot...

pharmacological activities of 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hexanonic acid (hmpha), a phenolic compound, isolated from the extract of pycnocycla spinosa was investigated on ileum motility in vivo and in vitro . ileum motility was examined by measuring charcoal movement through the gut in mice. in addition, antidiarrhoeal activity of hmpha was assessed and compared with standard drug; loperamide...

Heamatang (HMT) is a classic medicinal formula used in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine; it contains seven distinct components, mainly of herbal origin. HMT as an antiaging remedy, treating urinary disorders increasing energy vitality. However, the therapeutic applications this have not been evaluated with evidence-based science. Therefore, we assessed through various vitro methods, incl...

Transient elevations in Ca2+ have previously been shown to promote focal adhesion disassembly and cell motility through an unknown mechanism. In this study, evidence is provided to show that CaMK-II, a Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase, influences fibroblast adhesion and motility. TIRF microscopy reveals a dynamic population of CaMK-II at the cell surface in migrating cells. Inhibition o...

Toxicants, such as herbicides, have been hypothesized to affect sperm parameters. The most common method of exposure to herbicides is through spraying or diet. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of direct exposure of sperm to 1 mg/L of the herbicide Roundup on sperm motility and mitochondrial integrity. Sperm samples from 66 healthy men who were seeking semen analysis we...

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex change in cell phenotype that is important for cell migration, morphogenesis and carcinoma metastasis. Loss of epithelial cell adhesion and tight regulation of cadherin adhesion proteins are crucial for EMT. Cells undergoing EMT often display cadherin switching, where they downregulate one cadherin and induce expression of another. How...

Brain tumor invasion leads to recurrence and resistance to treatment. Glioma cells invade in distinct patterns, possibly determined by microenvironmental cues including chemokines, structural heterogeneity, and fluid flow. We hypothesized that flow originating from pressure differentials between the brain and tumor is active in glioma invasion. Using in vitro models, we show that interstitial f...

The interaction of Treponema pallidum (Nichols strain) with 19 different cultured mammalian cell types was examined. These types included cells derived from testis, kidney, spleen, lung, epidermis, cervix, urethra, and nerve tissue of human, rabbit, or rat origins. They represented normal and malignant cells, epithelial and fibroblastic morphology, cell lines, and cell strains, Large numbers of...