The aim of the review was to summarize the literature over the last 25 years regarding bicarbonate administration in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms "bicarbonates" and "cardiac arrest", limited to human studies and reviews published in English (or at least with a meaningful abstract in English) in the last 25 years. Clinical and experimental data ra...

Firewalls are one of the most common mechanisms used to protect the network from unauthorized access and security threats. Nowadays, time-based firewall policies are widely in use in many firewalls such as CISCO ACLs and Linux iptables to control network traffic with respect to time. However, network administrators struggle to maintain the firewall policies due to their high complexity. A confl...

An Open Service Architecture is a software infrastructure that makes an open set of services available to users and agents. The role of agents is to retrieve, execute and compose available services providing more sophisticated instances of them. In order to achieve this goal, agents need to communicate with and use services provided by other agents. Although several Agent Communication Language...

Early institution of extracorporeal perfusion support (ECPS) may improve survival after cardiac arrest. Two patients sustained unexpected cardiac arrest in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) following cardiac interventions. ECPS was initiated due to failure to restore hemodynamics after prolonged (over 60 minutes) advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) protocol-guided cardiopulmonary resuscitation. De...

This paper aims at defining the semantics of Agent Communication Languages (ACLs) in terms of changes in the social relationships between agents, represented in terms of social commitments. We take commitment to be a primitive concept underlying the social dimension of multiagent systems, and define a basic artificial institution that provides agents with the means to affect the commitment netw...

The goal of therapy for bradycardia or tachycardia is to rapidly identify and treat patients who are hemodynamically unstable or symptomatic due to the arrhythmia. Drugs or, when appropriate, pacing may be used to control unstable or symptomatic bradycardia. Cardioversion or drugs or both may be used to control unstable or symptomatic tachycardia. ACLS providers should closely monitor stable pa...

We demonstrate how access control models and policies can be represented by using term rewriting systems, and how rewriting may be used for evaluating access requests and for proving properties of an access control policy. We focus on two kinds of access control models: discretionary models, based on access control lists (ACLs), and rolebased access control (RBAC) models. For RBAC models, we sh...

Agent Communication Languages (ACLs) play a fundamental role in open multiagent systems where message exchange is the main if not the only way for agents to coordinate themselves. New proposals about ACL semantics based on social commitments aim at countering the shortcomings of the mainstream mental-state-based ones. The commitment solution does not come for free and calls for an adequate moni...

Basic life support (BLS) and even advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) should be an integral and mandatory component of the undergraduate curriculum in all local medical schools’, perhaps for students in their penultimate or final year. Refresher courses and periodic mandatory recertification however is necessary to avoid de-skilling. Simply increasing the period of housemanship training alone ...

In agent systems, different (autonomous) agents collaborate to execute complex tasks. Each agent provides a set of useful capabilities, and the agent system combines these capabilities as needed to perform complex tasks, based on the requests input into the system. Agent communication languages (ACLs) allow agents to communicate with each other about how to partition these tasks, and to specify...