BACKGROUND Globally, diarrhea is the second leading cause of death among children under five. In Brazil, mortality due to diarrhea underwent a significant reduction in recent decades principally due to expansion of the primary healthcare network, use of oral rehydration therapy, reduced child undernutrition, and improved access to safe drinking water. The First National Survey of Indigenous Peo...

BACKGROUND There is not much information on the differences in clinical, epidemiological and spatial characteristics of diarrhea due to V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus from non-coastal areas. We investigated the differences in clinical, epidemiological and spatial characteristics of the two Vibrio species in the urban slums of Kolkata, India. METHODS The data of a cluster randomized chole...

A patient with AIDS and chronic diarrhea caused by Enterocytozoon bieneusi was successfully treated with nitazoxanide, producing a complete clinical and parasitological response, while off of antiviral therapy. This suggests that nitazoxanide may be effective in treating microsporidiosis caused by E. bieneusi, a disease for which there is no established treatment.

Community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) is typically associated with bacterial infections and is especially prevalent in vulnerable populations worldwide. The authors studied nutritional status and diarrheal history as risk factors for CAAP in Bedouin children <5 years of age living in Israel. In this prospective case-control study (2001-2002), 334 children with radiographically confirmed ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic zoonosis, which is prevalent all over the world. The manifestation of the disease is either self-limiting acute diarrhea in immunocompetent individuals, or potentially fatal chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. METHODS In this study, which was conducted in Tehran, 214 patients from ten health centers were investigated. Stool s...

Intestinal parasitic infections are one of the major causes of diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive individuals. Antiretroviral therapy has markedly reduced the incidence of many opportunistic infections, but parasite-related diarrhea still remains frequent and often underestimated especially in developing countries. The present hospital-based study was conducted to deter...

Diarrhea is a common clinical manifestation of HIV infection regardless of whether the patients have AIDS. HIV and malnutrition tend to occur in the same populations, the underprivileged and resource-poor. Malnutrition increases severity and mortality of infection. Occurrence of chronic diarrhea in HIV-infected patients, gut status and pathogenic agents, nutritional status and the crucial role ...

A total of 188 children with positive serology for HIV were identified during an 18 month period. Two seronegative children with clinical features of AIDS had seropositive mothers. Ten children were asymptomatic on initial testing; one has since died with infection. The commonest presenting features were generalised lymphadenopathy, failure to thrive, chronic diarrhoea, and pneumonia. Thirty fo...

Abstract Background Diarrhea is one of the symptoms occasionally seen in patients initiating hemodialysis. When they have diarrhea, need several additional cares for defecation during hemodialysis sessions and infection control at dialysis facilities. Methods We retrospectively examined prevalence characteristics with diarrhea Data were collected from medical records. Results Of 243 who initiat...