It has not been said to the Messengers before you that your Lord is a wielder of forgiveness and painful punishment .(43) detailed in order for such law have characteristics its sources, it must be characterized by attributes perfection precision provisions, so based on achieving complementing interests people, as well warding off minimizing evil them. Al-Baqarah: ,185 one manifestations His me...

It is standard in agency theory to search for incentive-compatible mechanisms on the assumption that people care only about their own material wealth. Yet it may be useful to consider social forces in mechanism design and contract theory. We devise an experiment to explore optimal contracts in a hidden information context. A principal offers one of three possible contract menus to a team of two...

futures contract is one of the most important derivatives that is used in financial markets in all over the world to buy or sell an asset or commodity in the future. pricing of this tool depends on expected price of asset or commodity at the maturity date. according to this, theoretical futures pricing models try to find this expected price in order to use in the futures contract. so in this ar...

there have been a lot of debates between law authors about formation of valid sale contract to the building while constructing for a long time. after enactment of forward sale act in 1389 forward sale building during construction process accepted. however some facts were not answered clearly when the transferring of ownership will be happened: through official forward sale contract or transferr...

In this experiment, we analyze strategic delegation in a Cournot duopoly. Owners can choose among two different contracts, which determine their managers’ salaries. One contract simply gives managers incentives to maximize firm profits, while the second contract gives an additional sales bonus. Although theory predicts the second contract to be chosen, it is only rarely chosen in the experiment...

abstract the theory of hardship is a situation in which the implementation of contractual obligation, as a result of unpredictable events that are out of control, becomes economically difficult and expensive without being physically impossible and distorts the balance of the contract. in such a situation, the hardship theory is applied to restore the balance of the contract. this matter has var...

deep economic and social developments in two recent centuries beside other important alterations, created important changes in contracting aria among them placing weak and strong parties against each other in contracts. freedom of contract, that before enjoided from some kind of sancity,could not provid contractual justice in this new conditions. therefore adjustment of this tool(contract) in a...