PURPOSE To quantify motion sensitivity in patients with infantile esotropia who, as a subgroup, have been previously reported to have abnormal oculomotor control. In addition, to probe abnormal binocular development as a factor underlying abnormal motion perception in infantile esotropia (IE), motion sensitivity was compared among participants with and without stereopsis. METHODS Monocular se...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence rate and related risk factors of reoperation among patients with congenital esotropia. METHODS One hundred fifty-seven children with congenital esotropia were divided into two groups after at least one operation: children with deviation within 10 PD (n = 89; success group) and those with deviation greater than 10 PD or history of reoperation (n = 68; failur...

Introduction. Esotropia is a form of strabismus that can give the affected individual a "cross-eyed" appearance. Acute onset of esotropia is an uncommon form; in the vast majority of cases, no underlying neurological etiology is found. Case Presentation. A 22-year-old female with a long history of opiate abuse presented with acute onset of diplopia. She noted her eyes were crossing and started ...

PURPOSE To study variations in dynamic measures of accommodation and disaccommodation with age in subjects ranging from preschool to adulthood. METHODS Accommodative responses to a step stimulus cartoon movie alternating from distance to near were recorded with a dynamic infrared photorefractor. Subjects viewed at least three stimulus cycles of far and near for four near stimulus demands (2, ...

BACKGROUND To investigate accommodative response and accommodative lag changes after femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for moderate to high myopia correction. METHODS A total of 32 eyes of 32 patients with no strabismus who underwent SMILE were enrolled in this prospective clinical study. The accommodative response was obtained viewing monocularly with spherical eq...

Accommodation, or the change in refractive power of the eye to focus objects at different distances, is driven by many stimuli including defocus blur, the awareness of target distance or proximal cues, and through the vergence crosslink (convergence accommodation). The effectiveness of defocus blur as an accommodative stimulus is decreased in normally-sighted subjects as visual acuity is experi...

Accommodation has long been suspected to be involved in the development of myopia because near work, particularly reading, is known to be a risk factor. In this study, we measured several dynamic characteristics of accommodative behavior during extended periods of reading under close-to-natural conditions in 20 young emmetropic and stable myopic subjects. Accommodative responses, errors, and va...

Under general anaesthesia the eye position of esotropia generally moved divergently. When retrobulbar anaesthesia was added bilaterally, the eye position moved further in the same direction. In the electromyogram under general anaesthesia the 4 horizontal recti were silent in controls. In many cases of esotropia, however, both medial recti showed a considerable amount of discharge under general...

Holographic displays have gained unprecedented attention as next-generation virtual and augmented reality applications with recent achievements in the realization of a high-contrast image through computer-generated holograms (CGHs). However, these show high energy concentration limited angular spectrum, whereas uniformly distributed spectrum suffer from severe speckle noise reconstructed images...