In a cohort of gay men responding to the threat of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), dispositional optimism was associated with less distress, less avoidant coping, positive attitudes as a coping strategy, and fewer AIDS-related concerns. Men who knew they were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were significantly more optimistic about not developing AIDS than men who ...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to analyze the relation between dispositional optimism and coping with chronic pain. The study seeks to define the relation between life orientation (optimism vs. pessimism) and coping with pain (believes about pain control and the choice of coping strategy). MATERIAL AND METHODS The following questionnaires were used: LOT-R - Life Orientation Test, BPCQ -...

Optimism or pessimism of investors is one of the important characteristics that determine the investment behavior in financial markets. In this paper, we propose a model of investor optimism based on a fuzzy connective. The advantage of the proposed approach is that the influence of different levels of optimism can be studied by varying a single parameter. We implement our model in an artificia...

The concept of mental toughness is widely used, but empirical evidence is required to fully understand this construct and its related variables. The purpose of this paper was to explore the relationship between: (a) mental toughness and coping, (b) mental toughness and optimism, and (c) coping and optimism. Participants were 677 athletes (male 454; female 223) aged between 15 and 58 years (M ag...

This article defends the democratic ideal of inclusive public discourse, as articulated in Democratic Speech Divided Times, against critiques offered by Billingham, Fraser, and Hannon. Specifically, it considers responds to three core challenges. The first challenge argues, notably, that “shared reasons” constraint should either apply everywhere or not at all, that, if this is divided circumsta...

A possible relationship between Joiner's (2005) interpersonal-psychological theory of suicidal behavior and optimism was investigated by examining the ability of optimism to act as a moderator of perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness, and acquired capability to engage in self-injury in the prediction of suicidal ideation. Results supported hypotheses that optimism would serve as a mo...

The recent rapid growth in aquaculture production reported by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization may have inadvertently generated what we denote here as over-optimism. An extreme form of this is notion that need not worry about sustaining wild fish stocks because can meet global through farming. Here investigate whether be maintained, compare projections with future for to fin...