We theoretically develop and experimentally demonstrate a holographic method for imaging cold atoms at the diffraction and photon shot noise limits. Aided by a double point source reference field, a simple iterative algorithm robustly removes the twin image of an Rb cold atom sample during the image reconstruction. Shot-noise limited phase shift and absorption images are consistently retrieved ...

cadmium oxide rhombus-shaped nanostructure was synthesized using hydrothermal process followed by heating treatment. clearly, x-ray diffraction pattern demonstrated the formation of cdo crystalline phase. scanning electron microscopy (sem) showed that the obtained rhombus-like structure is composed of nanoparticles with the average size of 29 nm. in addition, we evaluated adsorption of organic ...

We study the effects of two-photon absorption on the self-phase modulation (SPM) process in silicon waveguides while including both free-carrier absorption and free-carrier dispersion. An analytical solution is provided in the case in which the density of generated carriers is relatively low; it is useful for estimating spectral bandwidth of pulses at low repetition rates. The free-carrier effe...

We demonstrate a reflective polarizer-free electro-optical switch using dye-doped polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals (DDPSBP-LC). At the voltage-off state, the dye molecules and liquid crystals form the structure of the double twist cylinders. As a result, the DDPSBP-LC is in dark state due to the combination of Bragg reflection and light absorption. At the voltage-on state, the blue...

We propose a new method to detect ultrasmall nonreciprocal phase shifts in solids based on the Sagnac interferometer combined with internal optical modulation of the absorption. The Sagnac interferometer with heterodyne balanced detection is expected to enable shot-noise-limited detection of phase shift as a result of its insensitivity to frequency and amplitude fluctuations of the laser. The l...

High resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for probing chemical and physical properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) at various phases. We present detections of K transition absorption lines from the low ionization ions of O I, O II, Ne I, Ne II, and Ne III, and the high ionization ones of O VI, O VII, O VIII, Ne IX, and Mg XI, as well as details of neutral ...

Monte Carlo simulations are used to establish a weighting function that describes the collection of angular scattering for the WETLabs AC-9 reflecting tube absorption meter. The equivalent weighting function for the AC-9 attenuation sensor is found to be well approximated by a binary step function with photons scattered between zero and the collection half-width angle contributing to the scatte...

Wang, David Q.-H., Frank Lammert, David E. Cohen, Beverly Paigen, and Martin C. Carey. Cholic acid aids absorption, biliary secretion, and phase transitions of cholesterol in murine cholelithogenesis. Am. J. Physiol. 276 (Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 39): G751–G760, 1999.—Cholic acid is a critical component of the lithogenic diet in mice. To determine its pathogenetic roles, we fed chow or 1% c...

We present analytic expressions for the amplitude and phase of photon-density waves in strongly scattering, spherically symmetric, two-layer media containing a spherical object. This layered structure is a crude model of multilayered tissues whose absorption and scattering coefficients lie within a range reported in the literature for most tissue types. The embedded object simulates a pathology...

We report on x-ray absorption studies of the structure of the liquid phase of a prototypical phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 . We demonstrate that the local structure of liquid Ge2Sb2Te5 is very similar to that of amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 . Ge atoms in the liquid phase are found to be covalently bonded suggesting a semiconducting nature of the melt.