Hybrid inorganic–organic solar cells typically combine a transition metal oxide and organic absorber to form the donor–acceptor pair. Here, we explore the use of a rare earth oxide to function as the inorganic component of a hybrid solar cell. Oxidized neodymium (Nd2O3) particles are combined with [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) to form the solar cell active layer. The short c...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this finite elemental stress analysis study was to evaluate the effect of cavity shape and hybrid layer on the stress distribution of the mandibular premolar tooth under occlusal loading. METHODS The mandibular premolar tooth was selected as the model based on the anatomical measurements suggested by Wheeler. Four different mathematical models were evaluated: 1) a saucer...

Water vapor plays an important role in the energetics of the boundary layer processes which in turn play a key role in regulating regional and global climate. It plays a primary role in earth’s hydrological cycle, in radiation balance as a direct absorber of infrared radiation, and in atmospheric circulation as a latent heat energy source, as well as in determining cloud development and atmosph...

We demonstrate a tunable hybrid Graphene-Nd:YAG cladding waveguide laser exploiting the electro-optic and the Joule heating effects of Graphene. A cladding Nd:YAG waveguide was fabricated by the ion irradiation. The multi-layer graphene were transferred onto the waveguide surface as the saturable absorber to get the Q-switched pulsed laser oscillation in the waveguide. Composing with appropriat...

Mode locking based on an epitaxial composite of the monoclinic double tungstate crystal Yb:KLu(WO4)2 is realized. A 100 microm thin Yb:KLu(WO4)2 layer grown on a KLu(WO4)2 substrate is used as an active medium in a laser passively mode locked by a semiconductor saturable absorber. Pulse durations of 114 fs have been achieved for an average power of 31 mW at 1030 nm. Results in the femtosecond a...

Among the causes of degradation performance kesterite-based solar cells is wrong choice n-type buffer layer which has direct repercussions on unfavorable band alignment, conduction offset (CBO) at interface absorber/buffer junction one major lower VOC. In this work, effect CBO (CZTS/Cd(1-x)ZnxS) as a function x composition Zn with respect to (Zn+Cd) studied using SCAPS-1D simulator package. The...

Processing strategies are presented for controlling junction quality as both window and absorber layer thickness are reduced in polycrystalline superstrate CdS/CdTe thin-film solar cells. High resistance In2O3 and SnO2 oxide buffer layers improve coverage of chemical bath deposited CdS and device performance with PVD CdTe, resulting in efficiencies >13.5%. A new method of CdS and Cd1-xZnxS chem...