Some background describing the rationale and early development of regional curve standardization (RCS) is provided. It is shown how, in the application of RCS, low-frequency variance is preserved in the mean values of individual series of tree indices, while medium-frequency variance is also preserved in the slopes. Various problems in the use of the RCS approach are highlighted. The first prob...

SYNOPSIS The significance of nodal metastasis in breast cancer is under discussion. We investigated the impact of variables of tumor chronology and tumor biology on the presence of lymph node metastases. PURPOSE Lymph node involvement is the main prognostic factor in breast cancer. However, it is under discussion whether nodal metastasis in breast cancer only reflects the chronological age of...

the archaeologists who have investigated ziwiyeh have presented different views about the constructors of material culture and its artistic styles. the majority of them, relying on one single object and analyzing its inscription and comparison with similar cases of adjacent cultures and sites, have attributed the origin of materials and artistic styles with respective region, and on the basis o...

The 15th century cross-vaults of the medieval Modena Cathedral (UNESCO site) consist intricate patches different masonry portions bound by three types lime mortars and at least two gypsum mortars. Such anomalous structure suggests multiple repair works over time after damaging earthquakes.The absolute dating (14C) bricks (TL) integrated with pollen record allowed to clarify construction restora...

The paper is devoted to the publication of a series radiocarbon dates obtained for Eneolithic complexes forest-steppe Volga region. provides description dated samples, context their finding and cultural attribution. materials from Bolshaya Rakovka II site, Lebyazhinka VI settlement Maksimovka I burial ground were subjected dating. In total, thirteen obtained; they belong various cultural-chrono...

The degree to which extrinsic factors influence migration chronology in North American waterfowl has not been quantified, particularly for dabbling ducks. Previous studies have examined waterfowl migration using various methods, however, quantitative approaches to define avian migration chronology over broad spatio-temporal scales are limited, and the implications for using different approaches...

In conversations between native speakers, words such as ‘same’ and ‘identical’ do not usually cause much difficulty. We take it for granted that others use them with the same sense as we do. If it is unclear whether numerical or qualitative identity is intended, a brief gloss such as ‘one thing not two’ for the former or ‘exactly alike’ for the latter removes the unclarity. In this paper, numer...

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We derived crater production functions and chronology functions of Phobos for two scenarios, which likely represent the end-members of its dynamical evolution. Case A assumes that Phobos has been in its current orbit about Mars since its formation. Case B assumes a recent capture of Phobos and the impact history of an average Main Belt Asteroid. We determined the age of an average surface to th...