Researchers, policymakers, and market participants have become increasingly focused on the effects of uncertainty risk financial economic outcomes. This paper provides a comprehensive survey many existing measures risk, uncertainty, volatility. It summarizes what these capture, how they are constructed, their effects, paying particular attention to large spikes, such as those appearing concurre...

Today scientists are producing large volumes of data that they wish to explore and visualize. In this paper we describe a system that combines range-based queries with fast lookup to allow a scientist to quickly and efficiently ask “what if?” questions. Unique to our system is the ability to perform “cumulative queries” that work on both an intraand inter-time step basis. The results of such qu...