1. Twelve healthy subjects received high-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation (115-475 V d.c.) delivered in separate treatments of 2, 32 and 128 pulses/s for 10 min at the subject's maximum tolerable voltage while calf muscle blood flow was measured by non-invasive Whitney strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography. 2. The high-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation was administered with negativ...

In atrial fibrillation, exercise capacity is often reduced. This is usually ascribed to a decreased cardiac output as compared with sinus rhythm. Very few studies, however, have focused on changes in the peripheral blood flow during atrial fibrillation as a potential mechanism for exercise limitation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of conversion of atrial fibrillation ...

Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea developmen...

Act 92 of 1996, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, seeks to promote female autonomy. The Act makes no reference to the nature of the abortus--implying its moral insignificance. Utilitarian arguments on the value of life strongly support this position. Utilitarians argue that neither belonging to the human species, nor possession of the potential to develop into a person, is a significa...

this study evaluated the nasopharyngeal microbial flora and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the one hundred and thirty holstein calves with dairy calf pneumonia from dairy farms of mashhad suburb between september 2002 and august 2003 . the most common micro-organisms isolated were pasteurella multocida 80 (61.54%), mannheimia haemolytica 41 (31.54%), bacillus sp. 15 (11.54%), staphylo...

a holstein heifer with symptoms of dystocia was admitted in the large animal clinic at the university of tabriz. in the vaginal examination, the fetus was found at posterior presentation and by doing someobstetrical maneuvers, a male calf was delivered. an interesting phenomenon was the presence of two skinsacs in dimensions of 12 × 12 cm and 12 × 18 cm at the right and left upper cervical regi...

This experiment was conducted to compare the effect of supplementation of milk with thyme (THY) and oregano (ORE) essences separately or a mixture of THY and ORE essences on growth performance, haematological parameters and some blood metabolites of Holstein suckling calves. Forty-eight Holstein calves (48.31±5.82 kg) were randomly allocated to four treatments including (1) control without esse...