Let $R$ be a ring and $M$ a right $R$-module. We call $M$, coretractable relative to $overline{Z}(M)$ (for short, $overline{Z}(M)$-coretractable) provided that, for every proper submodule $N$ of $M$ containing $overline{Z}(M)$, there is a nonzero homomorphism $f:dfrac{M}{N}rightarrow M$. We investigate some conditions under which the two concepts coretractable and $overline{Z}(M)$-coretractable...

field saturated hydraulic conductivity (kfs) is one of the most important soil properties that considerably contribute to soil quality. however, specifically in the structured soils, the measurement of kfs is difficult and time-consuming. therefore, verifying the simple and fast methods for kfs measurement is needed for effective soil monitoring. this study was conducted to investigate the effe...

emph{ Smooth Projective Hash Functions } ( SPHFs ) as a specific pattern of zero knowledge proof system are fundamental tools to build many efficient cryptographic schemes and protocols. As an application of SPHFs, emph { Password - Based Authenticated Key Exchange } ( PAKE ) protocol is well-studied area in the last few years. In 2009, Katz and Vaikuntanathan described the first lattice-based ...

In this paper we study almost uniserial rings and modules. An R−module M is called almost uniserial if any two nonisomorphic submodules are linearly ordered by inclusion. A ring R is an almost left uniserial ring if R_R is almost uniserial. We give some necessary and sufficient condition for an Artinian ring to be almost left uniserial.

in this article, lindley's measure of average information is used to measure the information contained in incomplete observations on the vector of unknown regression coefficients [9]. this measure of information may be used to compute the missing regressor values.

background: a number of randomized trial studies and longitudinal researches emphasize that despite problems in social adjustment and cognitive damages, children with cancer demonstrate good emotional adjustment. methods: most of the research findings in this area are obtained using objective tools such as questionnaires. “vitality of children”, as a drawing tool, was used as a basis to draw a ...

the rings considered in this article are commutative with identity $1neq 0$. by a proper ideal of a ring $r$,  we mean an ideal $i$ of $r$ such that $ineq r$.  we say that a proper ideal $i$ of a ring $r$ is a  maximal non-prime ideal if $i$ is not a prime ideal of $r$ but any proper ideal $a$ of $r$ with $ isubseteq a$ and $ineq a$ is a prime ideal. that is, among all the proper ideals of $r$,...

 Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity and $Z^*(R)$ be its set of non-zero zero divisors.  The zero-divisor graph of $R$, denoted by $Gamma(R)$, is the graph whose vertices are the non-zero  zero-divisors of  $R$, and two distinct vertices $r$ and $s$ are adjacent if and only if $rs=0$ or $sr=0$.  In this paper, we bring some results about undirected zero-divisor graph of a monoid ring o...