We define a new measurement of entanglement, the entanglement of projection, and find that it is natural to write the entanglements of formation and assistance in terms of it. Our measure allows us to describe a new class of quantum erasers which restore entanglement rather than just interference. Such erasers can be implemented with simple quantum computer components. We propose realistic opti...

Internal spatial modes and local properties controlling optical wave propagation have been measured in glass/silica buried waveguides. The period of the observed standing modes provides a direct measure of the local effective index. The measured effective index and transverse modal shape determines the values of all components of the wave vector. In addition, we describe a technique that can ob...

We show that intensity and phase noise are highly correlated in a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. This allows electro-optic sampling noise, degraded by the combination of 2184 dBc/Hz laser phase noise and birefringent system components, to be reduced 12 dB to the shot noise floor. Two multiorder waveplates can be combined to achieve shot-limited noise while preserving maximum detection efficienc...

X-ray computed tomography (CT), a non-invasive imaging technique, is being used increasingly in sheep breeding. Currently, considerable human intervention is needed to segment images into different tissues. This is undesirable because of its subjectivity and tediousness. We propose the use of deformable templates to automate the segmentation. A stochastic model has been constructed using a trai...

This paper describes the development of web-based reusable components for the creation of adaptive pre-tests to be used by on-line ITS. In particular, we have created an adaptive pre-test to measure a student’s cognitive ability. We created this component by combining two existing applications: a Piagetian pre-test [Arroyo 99] and SIETTE, an adaptive web-based tutoring system [Rios 99]. The adv...

Abstract The aluminum recovery from white dross by a mechanical treatment and sizing followed remelting process was investigated. subjected to ball mill, the obtained particles were sized in different ranges. They studied advanced materials characterization techniques. It found that larger contain high metallic portions, most non-metallic components of are fine fraction < 1 mm. Al-rich (>...

We describe the application of a new class of ligands--the phosphite-oxazole/imidazole (L1-L5a-g)--in asymmetric intermolecular Pd-catalyzed Heck reactions under thermal and microwave conditions. These ligands combine the advantages of the oxazole/imidazole moiety with those of the phosphite moiety: they are more stable than their oxazoline counterparts, less sensitive to air and other oxidizin...

A self-oscillating parametric humidity sensor has been developed that implements the principle of "humidity-frequency" conversion into hybrid integrated circuit based on a microelectronic transistor structure with negative differential resistance, in which humidity-sensitive element is resistor HR202 type. For purposes determining parameters frequency output mathematical model takes account eff...

In order to qualitative and quantitative study on essential oil, obtained from leaf and peel of Citrus aurantium L. cultivated in North of Iran (Sari city) the leaves and fruits were gathered on April and November 2002, respectivelly. Clevenger apparatus was used for hydro-distillation extraction in order to provide the oil of leaf and peel of Citrus aurantium L. The outputs of each essential o...

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