BACKGROUND Functional mitral regurgitation (MR) is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). During exercise, hemodynamic changes such as elevation of blood pressure and an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension may increase MR. Severity of CHF is reflected by exercise tolerance and, therefore, MR during exercise is supposed to indicate the severity of heart failure...

Purpose: Inflammation is a major factor in the pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and molecules implicated inflammation include monocytes high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). The primary goal study was to look at relationship between function hypertension (PH) COPD monocyte HDL ratio (MHR).
 Materials Methodsː conducted by acquiring retrospective data...

The purposes of this study were to examine the effect of acute incremental exercise on the performance of a central executive task; the responses of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) during exercise, while simultaneously carrying out the central executive task; and the ability of Delta plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenocort...

Background. Although most people are aware of the advantages of physical exercise, they fail to adhere to a regular routine of exercise, which necessitates this intervention. Objectives. In this study, by controlling the moderating role of the variable of commitment to exercise, the effect of a special cognitive-behavioral intervention on the commitment and adherence to an exercise routine has...

This study compared electromyographic (EMG) amplitude, the number of repetitions completed, and exercise volume during three sets to failure of high(80% 1RM) versus low-load (30% 1RM) forearm flexion resistance exercise on a subject-by-subject basis. Fifteen men were familiarized, completed forearm flexion 1RM testing. Forty-eight to 72 h later, the subjects completed three sets to failure of d...