Human Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin are cytotoxic proteins which have similar biological activities and share 30 percent amino acid homology. The single copy genes which encode these proteins share several structural features: each gene is approximately three kilobase pairs in length and is interrupted by three introns. In addition, these genes are closely linked and have been mapped to...

a stochastic frontier cost function indicates that the annual cost of complying with the anti-redlining Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) is $171,000 per thrift institution, roughly 2.3 percent of variable costs. But compliance cost is significantly less than the estimated 21 percent cost inefficiency. Based on published estimates of the incremental number of mortgage loans induced by CRA, the m...

2.7. Redox Deprotections 221 3. Thiol Protecting Groups 223 4. Carboxy Protecting Groups 223 4.1. Protection 224 4.2. Deprotection 226 5. Carbonyl Protecting Groups 227 5.1. Acetals 227 5.1.1. Protection 227 5.1.2. Deprotection 231 5.2. Dithioacetals 233 5.2.1. Protection 233 5.2.2. Deprotection 235 5.3. 1,3-Oxathiolanes 237 5.4. 1,1-Diacetates (Acylals) 238 5.4.1. Protection 238 5.4.2. Deprote...

Ovarian cancer carries the worst prognosis of all gynaecological cancers, with an overall five-year survival rate of around 30-40 percent. For women diagnosed with early-stage disease the five-year survival rate is over 80 percent1. Majority of the ovarian cancers present in advanced stages due to vague symptoms. Advanced stage disease carries a poor fiveyear survival rate of around 15 percent....

INTRODUCTION — Infants put almost everything into their mouths, and toddlers eat just about anything. Of more than 100,000 cases of foreign body ingestion reported each year in the United States, 80 percent occur in children [1-4]. The majority of foreign body ingestions occur in children between the ages of six months and three years [1,5,6]. Fortunately, most foreign bodies that reach the gas...

Estrogen receptors of primary breast cancer tumors were determined by sedimentation analysis. Positive tumors from pre- and post-menopausal patients were those that contained estrogen receptor content greater than 250 and greater than 750 fmoles per g wet weight tissue, respectively. A positive correlation of patients' age with increasing incidence of estrogen receptor positive tumors was found...

After diversion of sewage effluent from Lake Washington, winter concentrations of phosphate and nitrate decreased at different rates. From 1963 to 1969, phosphate decreased to 28 percent of the 1963 concentration, but nitrate remained at more than 80 percent of the 1963 value. Free carbon dioxide and alkalinity remained relatively high. The amount of phytoplanktonic chlorophyll in the summer wa...

The relationship between intracellular lysosomal rupture and cell death caused by silica was studied in P388d(1) macrophages. After 3 h of exposure to 150 mug silica in medium containing 1.8 mM Ca(2+), 60 percent of the cells were unable to exclude trypan blue. In the absence of extracellular Ca(2+), however, all of the cells remained viable. Phagocytosis of silica particles occurred to the sam...

Latex allergy is an emerging health issue believed to affect 5 to 10 percent of healthcare workers. The increase in the prevalence of latex allergy is believed to be associated with the increased use of latex gloves by healthcare workers in the mid 80’s in response to the AIDS epidemic. While statistics are unclear for the prevalence within the general population, it is estimated that somewhere...