A firm can serve overseas customers by exporting or by producing in the foreign market. Thus, ceteris paribus, one might expect increases in overseas investment to displace exports. However, most empirical work has found a positive relation between the two variables. We use a panel data set containing 25 years of data on 932 Japanese manufacturing firms to investigate the effect direct investme...

Estrogen has a profound impact on human physiology and affects numerous genes. The classical estrogen reaction is mediated by its receptors (ERs), which bind to the estrogen response elements (EREs) in target gene's promoter region. Due to tedious and expensive experiments, a limited number of human genes are functionally well characterized. It is still unclear how many and which human genes re...

QCD sum rules for vector mesons (ρ, ω, φ) in nuclear matter are reexamined with an emphasis on the reliability of various sum rules. Monitoring the continuum contribution and the convergence of the operator product expansion plays crucial role in determining the validity of a sum rule. The uncertainties arising from less than precise knowledge of the condensate values and other input parameters...

BACKGROUND a significant proportion of octogenarian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stenting. Dual antiplatelet therapy is recommended in these patients, requiring a period of triple therapy with dual antiplatelet agent plus oral anticoagulation (OAC). Concerns remain regarding the appropriateness of OAC in octogenarians. METHODS we...

This paper examines an ex-post rationale for the patenting of scienti…c discoveries. In this model, scientist do not know which …rms can make use of their discoveries, and …rms do not know which scienti…c discoveries might be useful to them. To bridge this gap, either or both sides need to engage in costly search activities. Patents determine the appropriability of scienti…c discoveries, which ...

BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia in premature infants is usually thought to reflect inadequate pancreatic development rather than monogenic neonatal diabetes. No studies, to our knowledge, have investigated the prevalence of monogenic forms of diabetes in preterm infants. METHODS We studied 750 patients with diabetes diagnosed before 6 months of age. We compared the genetic etiology and clinical char...

This paper studies the e¤ect of foreign lobbies on trade policy of a country which is a member of a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). It uses a monopolistically competitive political economy model in which the government determines external tari¤s endogenously. The e¤ect of foreign lobbying under the FTA is examined empirically using Canadian industry-level trade data that allow di¤erentiating of lob...

Rho-associated, coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) gene plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability, tumorigenesis and myogenesis. However, little is known about the regulatory elements governing the transcription of porcine ROCK1 gene. In the current study, the transcription start site (TSS) was identified by 5'-RACE, and was found to differ from the predicted one. The r...