Curcumin has been shown to have numerous cytotoxic effects on cancer stem cells (CSCs). This is due to its suppression of the release of cytokines, particularly interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-1, which stimulate CSCs, and also to its effects at multiple sites along CSC pathways, such as Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog and FAK. In spite of its multiple actions targeting CSCs, curcumin has little toxicity a...

Wireless body-area network (WBAN) is an emerging area that combines health care and comsumer electronics applications, and its standardization is still in progress. The WPAN standards such as IEEE802.15.4 and 4a do not meet the WBAN requirements such as energy efficiency on the body, scalable QoS, and inter-networks isolation summarized in Fig. 6.9.1. Due to energy absorption in the human tissu...

The previous lecture introduced hidden Markov models (HMMs), a technique used to model types of sequences rather than exact matches. Recall that a Markov chain consists of states Q, initial state probabilities p, and transition state probabilities A. A hidden Markov model has the additional property of emitting a series of observable outputs, one from each state, with various emission probabili...

The crystal structure unequivocally confirms the relative stereochemistry of the title compound, C(6)H(11)FO(5). The absolute stereochemistry was determined by the use of d-galactose as the starting material. The compound exists as a three-dimensional O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded network with each mol-ecule acting as a donor and acceptor for four hydrogen bonds.