The authors propose that conceptual and procedural knowledge develop in an iterative fashion and that improved problem representation is 1 mechanism underlying the relations between them. Two experiments were conducted with 5thand 6th-grade students learning about decimal fractions. In Experiment 1, children's initial conceptual knowledge predicted gains in procedural knowledge, and gains in pr...

Physically based sound models have a “natural” setting in dimensional space: a physical model has a shape and an extent and can be given a position relative to other models. In our experimental system, we place procedurally animated agents in a world of spatially situated physical models. The agents move in the same space as the models and can interact with them, playing the models and changing...

This paper presents a study aiming to analyse the design strategies of experts in object-oriented programming. We report an experiment conducted with four experts. Each subject solved three problems. Our results show that three strategies may be used in program design according to the solution structure. An object-centred strategy and a function-centred strategy are used when the solution has a...

DiaLaw is a dialogical model of legal justification. An important characteristic of the formal and implemented model DiaLaw is that both logic-based arguments and mere convincing statements can be modelled. The support of both structural (logic-based) arguments and procedural arguments (mere convincing statements) is expressed by different levels in the dialog. In this paper so-called dialog tr...

Results Balloon redilation of the transcatheter valve was performed in 18 patients (5%), and additional second valves were implanted in 13 (4%). At the end of the procedure, 186 patients (52%) had no paravalvular or transvalvular regurgitation. In the remaining 172 patients, paravalvular leakage was observed in 113 (32%), transvalvular leakage in 47 (13%), and both in 12 (3%). Leakage was trace...

Some research indicates that explicit learning of a sequence can impair procedural learning, particularly in populations with reduced cognitive capacity. However, these studies usually do not distinguish the effects of explicit processes on procedural learning from their effects on performance. The current study demonstrates that explicit learning affects performance, but not procedural sequenc...

Cognitive procedural learning is characterised by three phases, each involving distinct processes. Considering the implication of episodic memory in the first cognitive stage, the impairment of this memory system might be responsible for a slowing down of the cognitive procedural learning dynamics in the course of ageing. Performances of massed cognitive procedural learning were evaluated in ol...

The current article explores status as an antecedent of procedural fairness effects (the findings that perceived procedural fairness affects people's reactions, e.g., their relational judgments). On the basis of the literature, the authors proposed that salience of the general concept of status leads people to be more attentive to procedural fairness information and that, as a consequence, stro...

BACKGROUND Endosaccular coiling, vessel occlusion, stenting, stent-assisted coiling, and flow diversion are all endovascular treatment options for pseudoaneurysms (PAs) of the head and neck. We explore different clinical situations in which these were selected for PA management at a single institution. METHODS Over a period of ten years, 33 patients presented to our hospital with PAs of the h...

A ssessment is an indispensable aspect of academic life a natural partner to curriculum and a central component in medical education (1). Aside from its core objective of gauging student performance, assessment is also crucial for documenting the attainment of learning outcomes, verifying medical competence and, ultimately, minimizing risks to patients arising from an unsatisfactory knowledge b...