many cell lines, when cultured under proper conditions, can form three dimensionalstructures called multicellular spheroids. these spheroids resemble in vivo tumor models in severalaspects. therefore, studying growth characteristics and behavior of spheroids is beneficial inunderstanding the behavior of tumors under various experimental conditions. in this work, we havestudied the growth proper...

BACKGROUND The development of metastases involves the dissociation of cells from the primary tumor to penetrate the basement membrane, invade and then exit the vasculature to seed, and colonize distant tissues. The last step, establishment of macroscopic tumors at distant sites, is the least well understood. Four isogenic mouse breast cancer cell lines (67NR, 168FARN, 4TO7, and 4T1) that differ...

Purpose: We compared the metabolic profiles and the association between LDH-A expression and lactate production in two isogenic murine breast cancer cell lines and tumors (67NR and 4T1). These cell lines were derived from a single mammary tumor and have different growth and metabolic phenotypes. Experimental Design: LDH-A expression, lactate concentration, glucose utilization and oxygen consump...

Blocking dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) is reported to alter proliferation and differentiation of various cells. Using salubrinal and guanabenz as an inhibitory agent of dephosphorylation of eIF2α, we addressed a question whether an elevated level of phosphorylated eIF2α attenuates malignant phenotypes of triple negative breast cancer cells (TNBCs) that...

Three near-infrared (NIR-I) optical theranostic systems were synthesized, characterized and studied in vitro vivo. These original homo-bimetallic gold(I)-based aza-BODIPY complexes proved to be trackable through imaging cells mice. They display anti-proliferative properties micromolar range against human murine cancer cell lines (4T1, MDA-MB-231, CT26, SW480). Moreover, the injection of most pr...

Background Each year breast cancer is diagnosed in approximately 1 million women worldwide [1]. Our lab has previously linked Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM-A) gene and protein over-expression in breast tumours with an increased risk of metastasis [2,3]. JAM-A loss or inhibition has also been shown to inhibit cell migration and invasion [2], while increasing apoptosis possibly as a result ...

Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFb) and activin A (actA) are members of the TGFb superfamily and display overlapping biological activities, including the ability to promote the conversion of conventional CD4 T cells to regulatory T cells (Tregs). We have recently shown that in situ vaccination by local tumor irradiation is hindered by activation of latent TGFb (Vanpouille-Box et al., Cancer ...

MCP-1/CCL2 plays an important role in the initiation and progression of cancer. Since tumor cells produce MCP-1, they are considered to be the main source of this chemokine. Here, we examined whether MCP-1 produced by non-tumor cells affects the growth and lung metastasis of 4T1 breast cancer cells by transplanting them into the mammary pad of WT or MCP-1(-/-) mice. Primary tumors at the inject...

Cancer vaccination may be our best and most benign option for preventing or treating metastatic cancer. However, breakthroughs are hampered by immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment. In this study, we analyzed whether cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a ligand for stimulator of interferon genes (STING), could overcome immune suppression and improve vaccination against metastatic breast c...